Emergency Department Screening and Interventions for Adolescents With Substance Use: A Narrative Review.

Background: Adolescent substance use is a growing public health concern, particularly given rising mortality rates from drug overdose deaths. The emergency department (ED) provides a unique opportunity to screen adolescents for substance use and provide brief interventions and linkage to care.

Objective Of The Review: This article provides a narrative review of the current evidence for ED screening and brief interventions for adolescents with substance use and identifies important opportunities, challenges, and areas for future research.

Women's professional development programs for emergency physicians: A scoping review.

Background: Gender disparities in emergency medicine (EM) persist, with women underrepresented in leadership positions and faced with unique challenges, such as gender discrimination and harassment. To address these issues, professional development programs for women have been recommended.

Objectives: The purpose of this scoping review was to examine current women's professional development programs for EM and develop a collection of program characteristics, meeting topics, and tips for success that can be useful to new or existing women's professional development programs.

A Decade in Review: Trends in Female Authorship in Peer-Reviewed Toxicology Journals.

Background: Gender diversity in both emergency medicine and medical toxicology has grown over the last decade. However, disparities in promotion, awards, and speakership still exist. No studies have examined gender disparities in authorship in medical toxicology journals.

Self-reported Xylazine Experiences: A Mixed-methods Study of Reddit Subscribers.

Objectives: Xylazine is an α 2 -agonist increasingly prevalent in the illicit drug supply. Our objectives were to curate information about xylazine through social media from people who use drugs (PWUDs). Specifically, we sought to answer the following: (1) What are the demographics of Reddit subscribers reporting exposure to xylazine? (2) Is xylazine a desired additive? And (3) what adverse effects of xylazine are PWUDs experiencing?

Methods: Natural language processing (NLP) was used to identify mentions of "xylazine" from posts by Reddit subscribers who also posted on drug-related subreddits.

Barriers to opioid use disorder treatment: A comparison of self-reported information from social media with barriers found in literature.

Introduction: Medications such as buprenorphine and methadone are effective for treating opioid use disorder (OUD), but many patients face barriers related to treatment and access. We analyzed two sources of data-social media and published literature-to categorize and quantify such barriers.

Methods: In this mixed methods study, we analyzed social media (Reddit) posts from three OUD-related forums (subreddits): r/suboxone, r/Methadone, and r/naltrexone.

Self-reported Xylazine Experiences: A Mixed Methods Study of Reddit Subscribers.

Objectives: Xylazine is an alpha-2 agonist increasingly prevalent in the illicit drug supply. Our objectives were to curate information about xylazine through social media from People Who Use Drugs (PWUDs). Specifically, we sought to answer the following: 1) what are the demographics of Reddit subscribers reporting exposure to xylazine? 2) is xylazine a desired additive? and 3) what adverse effects of xylazine are PWUDs experiencing?

Methods: Natural Language Processing (NLP) was used to identify mentions of "xylazine" from posts by Reddit subscribers who also posted on drug-related subreddits.

Can accurate demographic information about people who use prescription medications nonmedically be derived from Twitter?

Traditional substance use (SU) surveillance methods, such as surveys, incur substantial lags. Due to the continuously evolving trends in SU, insights obtained via such methods are often outdated. Social media-based sources have been proposed for obtaining timely insights, but methods leveraging such data cannot typically provide fine-grained statistics about subpopulations, unlike traditional approaches.

WOMen profEssioNal developmenT oUtcome Metrics in Academic Emergency Medicine: Results from the WOMENTUM Modified Delphi Study.

Introduction: To address persistent gender inequities in academic medicine, women professional development groups (PDG) have been developed to support the advancement of women in medicine. While these programs have shown promising outcomes, long-term evaluative metrics do not currently exist. The objective of this study was to establish metrics to assess women's PDGs.

Reddit discussions about buprenorphine associated precipitated withdrawal in the era of fentanyl.

Background: Induction of buprenorphine, an evidence-based treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD), has been reported to be difficult for people with heavy use of fentanyl, the most prevalent opioid in many areas of the country. In this population, precipitated opioid withdrawal (POW) may occur even after individuals have completed a period of opioid abstinence prior to induction. Our objective was to study potential associations between fentanyl, buprenorphine induction, and POW, using social media data.

Large-Scale Social Media Analysis Reveals Emotions Associated with Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use.

Background: The behaviors and emotions associated with and reasons for nonmedical prescription drug use (NMPDU) are not well-captured through traditional instruments such as surveys and insurance claims. Publicly available NMPDU-related posts on social media can potentially be leveraged to study these aspects unobtrusively and at scale.

Methods: We applied a machine learning classifier to detect self-reports of NMPDU on Twitter and extracted all public posts of the associated users.

Methotrexate Toxicity from Unintentional Dosing Errors: Calls to a Poison Center and Death Descriptions.

Background: Methotrexate is a folate analog prescribed for varying disease with weekly administration as opposed to daily. Dosing errors can prove clinically significant and sometimes fatal.

Methods: We performed a retrospective poison center review of methotrexate calls between 2009 and 2019.

The Toxicology Investigators Consortium 2020 Annual Report.

The Toxicology Investigators Consortium (ToxIC) Registry was established by the American College of Medical Toxicology in 2010. The registry collects data from participating sites with the agreement that all bedside and telehealth medical toxicology consultation will be entered. This eleventh annual report summarizes the Registry's 2020 data and activity with its additional 6668 cases.

Automatic gender detection in Twitter profiles for health-related cohort studies.

Objective: Biomedical research involving social media data is gradually moving from population-level to targeted, cohort-level data analysis. Though crucial for biomedical studies, social media user's demographic information (eg, gender) is often not explicitly known from profiles. Here, we present an automatic gender classification system for social media and we illustrate how gender information can be incorporated into a social media-based health-related study.

Methadone and suboxone mentions on twitter: thematic and sentiment analysis.

Background: According to the latest medical evidence, Methadone and buprenorphine-naloxone (Suboxone) are effective treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD). While the evidence basis for the use of these medications is favorable, less is known about the perceptions of the general public about them.

Objective: This study aimed to use Twitter to assess the public perceptions about methadone and buprenorphine-naloxone, and to compare their discussion contents based on themes/topics, subthemes, and sentiment.

The management of the poisoned patient using a novel emergency department-based resuscitation and critical care unit (ResCCU).

Objectives: The Resuscitation & Critical Care Unit (ResCCU) is a novel ED-based ICU designed to provide early critical care services. This study sought to identify characteristics of poisoned patients treated in the ResCCU.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, single-center case study of poisoned patients over the age of 18 years old over a 16-month period.