Intraoperative Aberrometry versus Preoperative Biometry for Intraocular Lens Power Calculations: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Purpose: To evaluate the published literature to compare intraoperative aberrometry (IA) with preoperative biometry-based formulas with respect to intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation accuracy for various clinical scenarios.

Methods: Literature searches in the PubMed database conducted in August 2022, July 2023, and February 2024 identified 157, 18, and 6 citations, respectively. These were reviewed in abstract form, and 61 articles were selected for full-text review.

Glaucoma tube shunt surgery with repeat penetrating keratoplasty in an aphakic patient.

We present a complicated case of mixed mechanism glaucoma in the setting of failed corneal transplant and aphakia. The patient was a 54-year old male with HLA B27 uveitis and prior open globe injury. He was left aphakic after cataract extraction and had a subsequent corneal transplant for bullous keratopathy.

Association between in vitro susceptibility and clinical outcomes in fungal keratitis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the association between antifungal susceptibility as measured by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and clinical outcomes in fungal keratitis.

Methods: This pre-specified secondary analysis of the Mycotic Ulcer Treatment Trial II (MUTT II) involved patients with filamentous fungal keratitis presenting to Aravind Eye Hospitals in South India. Antifungal susceptibility testing for natamycin and voriconazole was performed on all samples with positive fungal culture results according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Guidelines.

Steroids and Cross-Linking for Ulcer Treatment Trial II: Baseline Characteristics.

Purpose: The Steroids and Cross-linking for Ulcer Treatment Trial is an NIH-funded international, randomized, double-masked, sham and placebo-controlled clinical trial to determine the benefit of adjunctive corneal cross-linking with riboflavin and/or topical difluprednate in addition to topical antibiotic drops for treatment of smear-positive bacterial ulcers. The purpose of this study was to explore the baseline characteristics for infection of patients enrolled, and the ocular comorbidities of patients screened for inclusion.

Methods: Of the 2005 patients with smear-positive bacterial ulcers screened, 280 patients were enrolled.

A double-masked, sham-controlled trial of rose bengal photodynamic therapy for the treatment of fungal and acanthameoba keratitis: Rose Bengal Electromagnetic Activation with Green Light for Infection Reduction (REAGIR) Study.

Background: Infectious keratitis secondary to fungus or acanthamoeba often has a poor outcome despite receiving the best available medical therapy. Rose Bengal Photodynamic therapy (RB-PDT) appears to be effective against fungal and acanthamoeba isolates. In one published series RB-PDT reduced the need for therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty in severe bacterial, fungal, and acanthameoba keratitis not responsive to medical therapy.

Locality is the strongest predictor of expert performance in image-based differentiation of bacterial and fungal corneal ulcers from India.

Purpose: This study sought to identify the sources of differential performance and misclassification error among local (Indian) and external (non-Indian) corneal specialists in identifying bacterial and fungal keratitis based on corneal photography.

Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of survey data assessing the ability of corneal specialists to identify acute bacterial versus fungal keratitis by using corneal photography. One-hundred images of 100 eyes from 100 patients with acute bacterial or fungal keratitis in South India were previously presented to an international cohort of cornea specialists for interpretation over the span of April to July 2021.

Descemet Endothelial Thickness Comparison Trial 1 (DETECT 1): outcome masked, placebo-controlled trial comparing two types of corneal transplant surgeries and effect of rho kinase inhibitors on endothelial cell loss protocol.

Background: It remains uncertain which endothelial keratoplasty (EK) technique yields the best outcomes while maintaining safety, particularly in eyes with coexisting ocular conditions. Moreover, the impact of endothelial cell loss (ECL) on long-term graft survival requires further investigation. Adjuvant ripasudil, a rho kinase inhibitor, may address the challenge of ECL in corneal transplantation.

Toric Monofocal Intraocular Lenses for the Correction of Astigmatism during Cataract Surgery: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Purpose: To review the published literature evaluating the visual and refractive outcomes and rotational stability of eyes implanted with toric monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) for the correction of keratometric astigmatism during cataract surgery and to compare those outcomes with outcomes of eyes implanted with nontoric monofocal IOLs and other astigmatism management methods performed during cataract surgery. This assessment was restricted to the toric IOLs available in the United States.

Methods: A literature search of English-language publications in the PubMed database was last conducted in July 2022.

Mediators of Visual Acuity in Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty and Ultrathin Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate mediators of visual acuity in ultrathin Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (UT-DSAEK) compared with Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).

Methods: This was a prespecified secondary analysis of the Descemet Endothelial Thickness Comparison Trial, a prospective, randomized controlled trial comparing UT-DSAEK with DMEK. Subjects with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy or pseudophakic bullous keratopathy presenting to 2 academic centers were enrolled and randomized to either UT-DSAEK (n = 25 eyes) or DMEK (n = 25 eyes).

Validation of the C-DU(KE) Calculator as a Predictor of Outcomes in Patients Enrolled in Steroids for Corneal Ulcer and Mycotic Ulcer Treatment Trials.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to validate the C-DU(KE) calculator as a predictor of treatment outcomes on a data set derived from patients with culture-positive ulcers.

Methods: C-DU(KE) criteria were compiled from a data set consisting of 1063 cases of infectious keratitis from the Steroids for Corneal Ulcer Trial (SCUT) and Mycotic Ulcer Treatment Trial (MUTT) studies. These criteria include corticosteroid use after symptoms, visual acuity, ulcer area, fungal etiology, and elapsed time to organism-sensitive therapy.

Effect of Simultaneous Endothelial Keratoplasty and Cataract Surgery: A Secondary Analysis of the Descemet Endothelial Thickness Comparison Trial.

Purpose: Combining cataract surgery with endothelial keratoplasty (triple EK) is a common practice and may be safer because it commits the patient to only one surgery. This study aimed to determine whether outcomes of pseudophakic endothelial keratoplasty and triple EK have similar outcomes.

Methods: This was a non-prespecified secondary analysis of a multicenter, double-masked, randomized, controlled clinical trial.

How Are Sicca Signs and Symptoms Associated With Depression Among Men Classified With and Without Sjögren Disease?

Purpose: Sjögren disease (SjD) cohorts represent rich resources to study associations between dry eye/mouth (sicca) signs/symptoms and depression. Because SjD affects mainly women, little is known about men with sicca signs/symptoms and associations with depression. The Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance contained many men allowing for studying associations between sicca signs/symptoms and depression.

Management of Pain after Photorefractive Keratectomy: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Objective: To evaluate current best practices for postoperative photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) pain control.

Methods: Literature searches in the PubMed database were last conducted in October 2021 and were restricted to publications in English. This search identified 219 citations, of which 84 were reviewed in full text for their relevance to the scope of this assessment.

Survey of the American Glaucoma Society Membership on Current Glaucoma Drainage Device Placement and Postoperative Corticosteroid Use.

Purpose: To assess practice patterns and opinions of glaucoma specialists regarding glaucoma drainage device tube shunt placement and post-operative anti-inflammatory medication use. We also assess the perceived need for a randomized control trial to compare them.

Patients And Methods: An online survey was distributed to a group of glaucoma specialists from the American Glaucoma Society via the American Glaucoma Society forum from April to August 2021.

Changes in Corneal Power up to 2 Years After Endothelial Keratoplasty: Results From the Randomized Controlled Descemet Endothelial Thickness Comparison Trial.

Purpose: To compare changes in corneal power measurements after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) vs ultrathin Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (UT-DSAEK).

Design: Post hoc subanalysis of the randomized controlled Descemet Endothelial Thickness Comparison Trial.

Methods: A total of 50 eyes (38 patients) with endothelial dysfunction from Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy or pseudophakic bullous keratopathy were randomized to DMEK or UT-DSAEK 1 to 2 days before surgery.

Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Purpose: To evaluate refractive outcomes, safety, and cost-effectiveness of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) compared with phacoemulsification cataract surgery (PCS).

Methods: A PubMed search of FLACS was conducted in August 2020. A total of 727 abstracts were reviewed and 33 were selected for full-text review.

Mediators of the Effect of Corneal Cross-Linking on Visual Acuity for Fungal Ulcers: A Prespecified Secondary Analysis From the Cross-Linking-Assisted Infection Reduction Trial.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether astigmatism or corneal scarring is mediating the reduced visual acuity among patients with fungal keratitis randomized to corneal cross-linking (CXL).

Design: This was a prespecified exploratory outcome from an outcome-masked, 2 × 2 factorial design, randomized controlled clinical trial.

Study Participants: Consecutive patients presented with moderate vision loss from a smear-positive fungal ulcer at Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India.

Patterns of Antifungal Resistance in Adult Patients With Fungal Keratitis in South India: A Post Hoc Analysis of 3 Randomized Clinical Trials.

Importance: Antifungal resistance has been shown to impact treatment success, but research analyzing antifungal resistance is scarce.

Objective: To evaluate changes in antifungal resistance over time.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Ad hoc analysis of 3 randomized clinical trials including consecutive patients 18 years and older presenting with smear-positive fungal ulcers to Aravind Eye Hospitals in Madurai, Coimbatore, Pondicherry, and Tirunelveli in South India who participated in 1 of 3 clinical trials: the Mycotic Ulcer Treatment Trials (MUTT) I (2010 to 2011) or II (2010 to 2015) or the Cross-Linking Assisted Infection Reduction (CLAIR) trial (2016 to 2018).

Double-masked, sham and placebo-controlled trial of corneal cross-linking and topical difluprednate in the treatment of bacterial keratitis: Steroids and Cross-linking for Ulcer Treatment Trial (SCUT II) study protocol.

Introduction: Although antibiotics are successful at achieving microbiological cure in infectious keratitis, outcomes are often poor due to corneal scarring. Ideal treatment of corneal ulcers would address both the infection and the inflammation. Adjunctive topical steroid treatment may improve outcomes by reducing inflammation.