Cognitive training for schizophrenia: Do race and ethnicity matter?

Racial disparities in diagnosis, treatment, and outcome have been well-established for people with schizophrenia. While cognitive remediation treatments have been shown to produce mild to moderate improvements in cognition for people with schizophrenia, few studies have examined racial/ethnic differences in treatment response. This study employed a secondary analysis of data from two randomized, single-blind controlled trials (N = 119) investigating the efficacy of two forms of cognitive training, to explore potential racial/ethnic differences in targeted outcomes.

Longitudinal pathways of maltreated young children: Family stress processes and adverse childhood experiences.

An important issue associated with at-risk families in the child welfare system is the impact of familial stress processes on child developmental outcomes. The present study used the family stress model (FSM) to examine the impact of economic hardship, economic pressure, caregiver emotional distress, caregiver/partner conflict, caregiver harsh parenting, and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on child's cognitive, behavioral, and social outcomes. Data from the National Survey on Child and Adolescent Well-Being II were utilized, and 1,363 children (709 male, 654 female) ages 2-18 months (at Wave 1) were included in the present study.

Paramedic Clinical Consults with a Paramedic or Nurse in an EMS Communications Center Compared to Traditional Online Physician Consults.

Objectives: In many emergency medical services (EMS) systems, a direct medical oversight physician is available to paramedics for mandatory and/or elective consultations. At the time of this study, a clinical support desk (CSD) was being implemented within the medical communications center of a provincial EMS system in addition to the physician resource. The CSD was initially staffed with a registered nurse or an advanced care paramedic.

Frequency, underdiagnosis, and heterogeneity of epidermal growth factor receptor exon 20 insertion mutations using real-world genomic datasets.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion mutations (ex20ins) account for ≤ 12% of all EGFR-mutant nonsmall cell lung cancers. We analysed real-world datasets to determine the frequency of ex20ins variants, and the ability of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify them. Three real-world United States NGS databases were used: GENIE, FoundationInsights, and GuardantINFORM.

Characterization of Risk Factors Among Individuals with a History of Incarceration Presenting to a Sexually Transmitted Infections Clinic: Implications for HIV and STI Prevention and Care.

More than 2 million people are incarcerated in the United States with many millions more processed through correctional facilities annually. Communities impacted by incarceration are also disproportionately impacted by the HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) epidemics. However, relatively little is known about the behaviors that place individuals with a history of incarceration at risk for HIV/STI acquisition.

Cancer Screening among Rural People Who Use Drugs: Colliding Risks and Barriers.

Rural cancer disparities are associated with lesser healthcare access and screening adherence. The opioid epidemic may increase disparities as people who use drugs (PWUD) frequently experience healthcare-associated stigmatizing experiences which discourage seeking routine care. Rural PWUD were recruited to complete surveys and interviews exploring cancer (cervical, breast, colorectal, lung) risk, screening history, and healthcare experiences.

Developmental inflection point for the effect of maternal childhood adversity on children's mental health from childhood to adolescence: Time-varying effect of gender differences.

Childhood adversities have a well-established dose-response relationship with later mental health. However, less attention has been given to intergenerational influences. Further, it is unknown how intergenerational influences intersect with children's developmental stages and gender.

Mandibular muscle troponin of the Florida carpenter ant Camponotus floridanus: extending our insights into invertebrate Ca regulation.

Ants use their mandibles for a variety of functions and behaviors. We investigated mandibular muscle structure and function from major workers of the Florida carpenter ant Camponotus floridanus: force-pCa relation and velocity of unloaded shortening of single, permeabilized fibres, primary sequences of troponin subunits (TnC, TnI and TnT) from a mandibular muscle cDNA library, and muscle fibre ultrastructure. From the mechanical measurements, we found Ca-sensitivity of isometric force was markedly shifted rightward compared with vertebrate striated muscle.

Evaluation of Anticoagulant Monitoring in Pediatric Patients Receiving Enoxaparin for Treatment of Venous Thrombosis.

Objectives: A venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a blood clot that occurs secondary to vessel wall injury often from a central line insertion. Enoxaparin is often considered a first-line treatment in pediatrics for VTE due to its favorable kinetic profile. Enoxaparin monitoring for pediatric patients is accomplished through anti-Xa monitoring in which monitoring practices may vary between institutions.

Estimating causal and time-varying effects of maternal smoking on youth smoking.

Introduction: Maternal smoking is a well-known risk factor for youth smoking, yet whether this relationship is causal remains unresolved. This study utilizes propensity score methods for causal inference to robustly account for shared risk factors between maternal and offspring smoking.

Methods: An 8-year longitudinal cohort of 900 adolescents in the Chicago area were followed starting from approximately age 15.

A retrospective observational population-based study to assess the prevalence and burden of illness of type 2 diabetes with an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 90 mL/min/1.73 m in Ontario, Canada.

Aim: To better understand the healthcare burden of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 90 mL/min/1.73 m in Ontario, Canada.

Materials And Methods: We used administrative data to evaluate the prevalence of T2D, eGFR < 90 mL/min/1.

Effectiveness of mobile produce markets in increasing access and affordability of fruits and vegetables among low-income seniors.

Objective: Mobile produce markets (MPM) offering Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) incentive programmes have the potential to provide accessible and affordable fruits and vegetables (FV) to populations at risk of food insecurity. The objective of this study is to characterise the customer base of an MPM and describe their participation at twelve market sites serving low-income seniors.

Design: In 2018, customers from an MPM in Rhode Island (RI) participated in a cross-sectional survey (n 330; 68 % response rate), which measured dietary patterns, food security and food shopping behaviours.

Behavioral symptoms of eating disorders among adopted adolescents and young adults in the United States: Findings from the Add Health survey.

Objective: More adopted individuals report experiencing general psychopathology, poor parental attachment, and early childhood eating difficulties than nonadopted individuals, yet little is known about disordered eating in this population. This study sought to describe the relationship between adoption status and behavioral eating-disorder (ED) symptoms, and to examine potential correlates of ED symptoms that are unique to adopted individuals.

Method: We examined data from adolescents and young adults from Waves 1 (n adopted = 561, nonadopted = 20,184), 2 (n adopted = 211, nonadopted = 14,525), and 3 (n adopted = 416, nonadopted = 14,754) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health.

Conducting eating disorders research in the time of COVID-19: A survey of researchers in the field.

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted research around the globe and required shuttering of research programs and the implementation of procedural adjustments to ensure safety. This study sought to document COVID-19's impact on eating disorders (ED) research, which may be particularly susceptible to such disruptions, given its focus on individuals who are physically and emotionally vulnerable. We invited ED researchers from editorial boards and scientific organizations to complete a quantitative/qualitative survey about: COVID-19's current and future impact on ED research; areas of concern about research disruptions; and effective strategies for conducting and supporting research during and after COVID-19.

Long-term retention in pre-exposure prophylaxis care among men who have sex with men and transgender women in the United States.

Introduction: Retention in HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care in real-world settings, outside of controlled trials or demonstration projects, remains poorly understood.

Methods: We evaluated retention in PrEP care outcomes among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women prescribed PrEP through March 2017 at three clinical sites in the United States (US): Jackson, Mississippi; Providence, Rhode Island; and St. Louis, Missouri.

Use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with severe obesity undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Patients with severe obesity being considered for bariatric surgery often undergo preoperative esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Severe obesity is a risk factor for oxygen desaturation events during EGD. The use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) to reduce desaturation events during EGD among patients with severe obesity has not been studied.

CANadian CAnagliflozin REgistry: Patient-Reported Outcomes of Canagliflozin in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Canadian Clinical Practice.

Objectives: To describe patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after initiation of treatment with canagliflozin (CANA) for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a real-world Canadian setting.

Methods: CANadian CAnagliflozin REgistry (CanCARE) is a prospective, observational, single-arm, real-world Canadian study of the effectiveness and safety of CANA for the treatment of T2DM in 527 subjects. PRO measures were collected in CanCARE using the Current Health Satisfaction Questionnaire (CHES-Q) at baseline and after 3, 6 and 12 months of CANA treatment to examine patient satisfaction regarding weight and overall health.

CANadian CAnagliflozin REgistry: Effectiveness and safety of canagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Canadian clinical practice.

Aim: There is limited information concerning the effects of canagliflozin (CANA), a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) in a real-world clinical setting in Canada. CanCARE is a 12-month, prospective, observational analysis to demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of CANA in usual clinical practice in Canada.

Materials And Methods: SGLT2i-naïve adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (n = 527) on a stable antihyperglycemic agent (AHA) regimen with glycated hemoglobin (A1C) ≥ 7%, an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 60 mL/min/1.

"Doctors' Lounge" podcast to teach clinical reasoning to first-year medical students.

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. In the first year of medical school, our students have a comprehensive course in history taking, physical examination skills, clinical reasoning, and patient-centered care.

Statewide Evaluation of New HIV Diagnoses in Rhode Island: Implications for Prevention.

Objectives: Patterns of HIV transmission vary widely across demographic groups. Identifying and engaging these groups are necessary to prevent new infections and diagnose disease among people who are unaware of their infection. The objective of this study was to determine characteristics of newly diagnosed individuals across an entire state to determine patterns of HIV transmission.