The Relationships Among Neighborhood Disadvantage, Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Diagnoses, and Race/Ethnicity in a U.S. Urban Location.

Childhood health disparities by race have been found. Neighborhood disadvantage, which may result from racism, may impact outcomes. The aim of the study is to describe the distribution of mental health (MH) and developmental disabilities (DD) diagnosis across Child Opportunity Index (COI) levels by race/ethnicity.

Guideline Recommendations on Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To synthesize recommendations on assessing and managing behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs) in existing clinical practice guidelines on dementia care to learn from and adapt recommendations to a Canadian context and language for describing BPSDs.

Design: Systematic review.

Setting And Participants: Moderate to high-quality clinical practice guidelines on dementia care that made 1 or more recommendations on BPSD assessment or management.

Use of the Child Opportunity Index to Examine Racial Variations in Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing to Children.

To examine further racial and ethnic variations in antibiotic prescribing to children, we used the Child Opportunity Index. Black children were less likely to be prescribed an antibiotic. Low- and moderate-opportunity areas were associated with greater rates of antibiotic prescribing, after adjusting for race and other factors.

A Simulation-Based Training Program in Rapid Sequence Induction for Novice Anesthesiology Trainees Using a Novel Checklist.

Background: The novice anesthesiology trainee is required to assimilate the technical and nontechnical skills required to safely perform a rapid sequence induction (RSI). Acquisition of this core competency is traditionally achieved using operating room-based experiential learning, which may be associated with significant gaps in early trainee preparation. We conducted a study to explore the role of a new, customized, high-fidelity simulation-based training program designed to address this gap in RSI training.

A desktop systems analysis of critical incidents within a university hospital department of anaesthesia.

Introduction: Medical error is frequently the result of latent systems factors. Incident reporting systems face many challenges including inability of the system to process reports adequately, inadequate feedback mechanisms and lack of staff engagement especially from doctors. This paper describes a pragmatic physician-led desktop approach to a systems analysis of anaesthesia-related critical incidents which could be used to enhance incident reporting processing within the existing national incident reporting system.

Promoting Interdisciplinary, Participatory Approaches to Address Childhood Asthma Disparities in an Urban Black Community.

Black children are twice as likely as non-Hispanic white children to have asthma due to an interplay of socioeconomic, historical, and industrial factors. The underlying socio-economic and structural inequities result in poor adherence to recommended asthma management treatments. National guidelines suggest asthma action plans (AAPs) as a tool for patient self-management, yet they remain underutilized.

Enhancing the design and utilization of asthma action plans through community-based participatory research in an urban African American community.

Background: Across the U.S., large inequities in asthma prevalence and outcomes persist, disproportionately affecting low-income, minoritized children.

Gendered powerlessness in at-risk adolescent and young women: an empirical model.

In the United States, youth aged 13-24 comprised approximately 21% of new HIV infections in 2017; 13% of these infections occurred among women, the majority of whom (86%) acquired HIV through heterosexual contact (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2019a. .

The untapped potential of behaviour analysis and interprofessional care.

Interprofessional collaboration has become a sought-after component of quality mental health care. Higher education institutions and mental health organizations seek to equip clinicians with the ability to provide cohesive clinical services while working collaboratively with a diverse group of professionals. Although research suggests that there may be benefits of interprofessional collaboration in mental health settings, collaborative practice initiatives have struggled with conceptual and methodological limitations.

A phase I study of OSI-461 in combination with mitoxantrone in patients with advanced solid tumors potentially responsive to mitoxantrone.

Purpose: To find the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of OSI-461 in combination with mitoxantrone in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Methods: This was a Phase I study using cohort dose escalation of OSI-461 dosed orally twice daily in combination with mitoxantrone 12 mg/m(2) given on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle.

Results: OSI-461 dose was escalated to 1,000 mg po bid.

A pharmacokinetic and safety study of intravenous arsenic trioxide in adult cancer patients with renal impairment.

Purpose: This study evaluated the pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of arsenic trioxide given twice per week in adult cancer patients with advanced malignancies and varying degrees of renal function.

Methods: Patients received intravenous arsenic trioxide 0.15 mg/kg twice weekly for 4 weeks, followed by a 2-week rest period.

Six-month safety results of calcium hydroxylapatite for treatment of nasolabial folds in Fitzpatrick skin types IV to VI.

Background: Recently, the cosmetic market has seen an increase in the options for treatment for people with dark skin.

Objectives: This study evaluates the use of calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA), a dermal filler indicated for the correction of moderate to severe facial wrinkles and folds, including the nasolabial folds (NLFs) in individuals with dark skin.

Methods: This open-label, nonrandomized, prospective, five-center trial enrolled 100 patients aged 18 and older with Fitzpatrick skin types IV to VI.

Oncology outpatient and provider responses to a computerized symptom assessment system.

Purpose/objectives: To assess patient and provider responses to a computerized symptom assessment system.

Design: Descriptive, longitudinal study with retrospective, longitudinal medical records review.

Setting: University-based National Cancer Institute-designated outpatient cancer center.

Dietitians' attitudes, perceptions, and usage patterns for fresh-cut fruit and vegetables.

Purpose: New fresh-cut fruit and vegetable products are being developed worldwide. Nutrition educators' perceptions of these products were studied.

Methods: Professional dietitians in Nova Scotia were asked to complete a questionnaire on their use of fresh-cut produce.

A phase I and pharmacokinetic trial of erlotinib in combination with weekly docetaxel in patients with taxane-naive malignancies.

Purpose: This study aimed to define the maximum tolerated dose of weekly docetaxel combined with daily erlotinib, an oral epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

Experimental Design: Patients with any solid tumor received 150 mg erlotinib with escalating doses of docetaxel (20, 25, 30, and 35 mg/m(2)) on days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days. The pharmacokinetics of docetaxel and erlotinib was determined on cycle 2, day 1.

Needle placement and injection posterior to the axillary artery may predict successful infraclavicular brachial plexus block: a report of three cases.

Purpose: The combined use of ultrasound and nerve stimulation for localization of the brachial plexus during infraclavicular block has not been evaluated. We describe three cases of infraclavicular block where we used ultrasound to place the needle and catheter, observe type of muscle twitch obtained and local anesthetic spread after injection.

Clinical Features: Injection of local anesthetic after obtaining proximal muscle stimulation was associated with local anesthetic spread between the axillary artery and pectoral muscle.

The average African American male face: an anthropometric analysis.

Objectives: To determine the average facial proportions of the African American man and compare results with the neoclassical canons of facial proportions and the standard for the North American white man.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Methods: Photographs and anthropometric measurements of the face were taken of 109 men of African American descent aged between 18 and 30 years, and results were compared with the neoclassical canons of the facial proportion and the averages of the anthropometric measurements for the North American white man.

Analysis of the African American female nose.

The African American nose has been broadly classified as ethnic yet it differs significantly in morphology from that of other ethnic groups with which it is categorized. The objectives of this study were to (1) establish an objective protocol for analysis of the African American female nose using anthropometric measurements, and (2) determine whether subjective subcategorization schemes are a reliable replacement for anthropometry. African American women (n = 107) between the ages of 18 and 30 years consented to participate in this study.

Outcomes research and facial plastic surgery.

Outcomes research examines the delivery of medical care from the patient's perspective, using unique instruments and methodologies. Outcome studies can measure the effectiveness of treatments or interventions in individual patients or in large populations, using prospective observational research designs. The steps in performing outcomes research are as follows: identify and define the disease or procedure of interest, create a staging system for disease severity, identify important co-morbid conditions, choose or design an outcomes instrument to measure treatment outcomes, and design a study to assess outcomes prospectively.

Treatment of the keloid: what is new?

Keloids are benign lesions that represent an exuberant collagen response to injury. These benign lesions are plagued with high recurrence rates. Multitudes of options are available for treatment of these lesions, which supports the theory that there is no superior treatment.