A Randomized Pilot Study of Four Dosing Schemes of Sublingual Methazolamide in Glaucoma Patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of sublingual methazolamide in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and inform future trial design.

Methods: Fourteen participants (28 eyes) aged 50 to 90 years with bilateral OAG and intraocular pressure (IOP) between 18 and 35 mmHg after medication washout were included. Participants were randomized to receive either 25 mg or 50 mg of sublingual methazolamide once daily for one week, followed by twice-daily administration during the second week.

Long-Term Functional and Clinical Outcomes in Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy.

Purpose: To characterize long-term functional and anatomical outcomes in patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR).

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients with a diagnosis of FEVR at a tertiary academic institution and its affiliated children's hospital treated from January 2003 through January 2024. Demographic and clinical data were collected.

Feasibility and Patient Experience of a Pilot Artificial Intelligence-Based Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Program in Northern Ontario.

Purpose: To assess the feasibility, implementation, and patient experience of autonomous artificial intelligence-based diabetic retinopathy detection models.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study where consenting adult participants previously diagnosed with diabetes were screened for diabetic retinopathy using retinal imaging with autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) interpretation at their routine primary care appointment from December 2022 through October 2023 in Thunder Bay, Ontario. Demographic (age, sex, race) and clinical (type and duration of diabetes, last reported eye exam) data were collected using a data collection form.

Association Between Particulate Matter Pollutants and Ophthalmology Visits for Ocular Surface Irritation and Allergy.

Background: The World Health Organization has declared climate change to be "the single biggest health threat facing humanity", yet there are limited studies on the impact of climate change-related air pollution on ocular health.

Objective: To explore associations between ocular surface irritation and allergy-related daily outpatient office visits with daily ambient particulate matter (PM) levels in the Denver Metropolitan Area.

Methods: Daily visit counts of ophthalmology outpatient offices were obtained from an academic health center (October 1, 2015 to January 27, 2023).

Incidence of Uveitis Following Initiation of Prostaglandin Analogs Versus Other Glaucoma Medications: A Study from the SOURCE Repository.

Purpose: To evaluate the risk of incidence rates of uveitis among patients starting topical glaucoma therapy.

Design: Retrospective database study utilizing the Sight Outcomes Research Collaborative (SOURCE) Ophthalmology Data Repository.

Participants: Adult glaucoma patients who were recently started on topical glaucoma therapy.

Teleophthalmology Through Online Mentorship Over a 20-Year Period: Education and Capacity Building.

Purpose: Telemedicine is widely used for diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, and other ophthalmic diseases. However, there is limited research on the use of teleophthalmology in retinoblastoma. The goal of this study was to explore how Orbis Cybersight affected the capacity for treatment and management of children with retinoblastoma through online mentorship and to assess the efficacy of online mentoring through disease-specific knowledge change over time.

Association Between Systemic Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarkers in a Non-Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Cohort.

Background And Objective: Investigate associations between systemic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers in eyes with complete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retina atrophy (cRORA) secondary to non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Patients And Methods: Cross-sectional study of patients with cRORA. OCT images and blood samples were collected at study enrollment.

Association Between Intraoperative Cataract Surgical Complications and Mortality.

Purpose: To evaluate the association between intraoperative complications of cataract surgery and postoperative mortality.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients who underwent cataract surgery at our institution from 2014 to 2020 was conducted. Intraoperative complications included choroidal hemorrhage, posterior capsule rupture, vitreous loss, retained lens, and/or severe zonular dialysis in either eye.

Elevated tumor necrosis factor alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor in intermediate age-related macular degeneration and geographic atrophy.

Introduction: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is an inflammatory cytokine implicated in pathological changes to the retinal pigment epithelium that are similar to changes in geographic atrophy (GA), an advanced form of age related macular degeneration (AMD). TNF-α also modulates expression of other cytokines including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), leading to choroidal atrophy in models of AMD. The purpose of this study was to investigate systemic TNF-α and VEGF in patients with GA and intermediate AMD (iAMD) compared to controls without AMD.

Differences in imaging biomarkers between patients with intermediate and advanced non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the University of Colorado AMD registry.

Purpose: To quantify and compare the different prevalence rates of specific retinal imaging biomarkers in patients with intermediate AMD (iAMD) and advanced non-neovascular AMD (nnAMD).

Methods: Cross-sectional study of patients with iAMD and advanced nnAMD. Imaging studies were reviewed for qualitative imaging biomarkers.

Refractive outcomes using Barrett formulas and patient characteristics of cataract surgery patients with and without prior LASIK/PRK.

Purpose: The goal of this study is to describe characteristics of cataract surgery patients who previously underwent laser in situ keratomileusis/photorefractive keratectomy (LASIK/PRK) in comparison to non-LASIK/PRK cataract surgery patients including psychiatric comorbidities, as well as describe refractive prediction error after cataract surgery while accounting for axial length (AL) using the Barrett True-K and Barrett Universal II formulas.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients from the University of Colorado Cataract Outcomes Registry. The primary outcomes were refraction prediction error (RPE), mean absolute RPE, and median absolute RPE.

Association Between Quantitative and Qualitative Imaging Biomarkers and Geographic Atrophy Growth Rate.

Purpose: Investigate associations between geographic atrophy (GA) growth rate and multimodal imaging biomarkers and patient demographics in patients with advanced non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nnAMD).

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Methods: One hundred twenty-one eyes of 66 patients with advanced nnAMD with GA enrolled in the University of Colorado AMD Registry from August 2014 to June 2021, with follow-up through June 2023.

Healthcare Resource Utilization and Costs in an At-Risk Population With Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose: Several investigators have suggested the cost-effectiveness of earlier screening, management of risk factors, and early treatment for diabetic retinopathy (DR). We aimed to evaluate the extent of health care utilization and cost of delayed care by insurance type in a vulnerable patient population.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with DR was conducted using electronic medical record (EMR) data from January 2014 to December 2020 at Denver Health Medical Center, a safety net institution.

Risk factors for failing sub-Tenon's triamcinolone acetonide for uveitic macular edema.

Background: Sub-Tenon's triamcinolone acetonide (STA) is less effective than intravitreal corticosteroids in the treatment of uveitic macular edema (ME), but does have some relative advantages, including substantially lower cost and decreased risk of post-injection ocular hypertension. It would be useful for clinicians to know which eyes may respond well to STA and not necessarily require intravitreal therapy. The objective of this study is to identify risk factors for failing STA for the treatment of uveitic ME.

Are there sex-based disparities in cataract surgery?

Aim: To investigate sex-based differences in the occurrence of intra-operative and post-operative complications and associated visual outcomes following cataract surgery.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients who had phacoemulsification cataract surgery at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. Data collected included the patient's health history, ocular comorbidities, operative and post-operative complications, and the post-operative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

An Evaluation of the Repeatability of Visual Function Following Surgical Repair of Macula-Off Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment.

Purpose: To evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of visual function assessments for patients with macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods: This prospective study included patients with unilateral macula-off RRD of <10-day duration successfully treated with a single, uncomplicated surgery at least 1 year following repair. Visual function assessments were performed at time of enrollment and 1 month later.

Cataract Phacoemulsification in People with Dementia: Characterization and Outcomes.

Purpose: To characterize cataract surgery in people with dementia (PWD) using a cataract surgery outcomes database.

Methods: Demographics, medical and ocular history, surgical characteristics, and postoperative measures were analyzed for differences between PWD and non-PWD cohorts. Patient-level data were analyzed with Fisher's Exact Test, and eye-level data were analyzed with logistic regression using generalized estimating equations to account for correlation of eyes from the same individual.

Rates of diabetic retinopathy among cluster analysis-identified type 2 diabetic mellitus subgroups.

Purpose: To determine whether phenotypic clustering of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with more advanced diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 495 patients with no prior DR treatment seen at a tertiary care clinic 2014-2020. Four previously identified clusters from Ahlqvist's 2018 paper were reproduced utilizing baseline hemoglobin A1c, body mass index, and age at DM diagnosis.

CHILDSTAR: CHIldren Living With Diabetes See and Thrive with AI Review.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) appears capable of detecting diabetic retinopathy (DR) with a high degree of accuracy in adults; however, there are few studies in children and young adults.

Methods: Children and young adults (3-26 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were screened at the Dhaka BIRDEM-2 hospital, Bangladesh. All gradable fundus images were uploaded to Cybersight AI for interpretation.

Limited English Proficiency Is Associated With Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients Presenting for Cataract Surgery.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between limited English proficiency (LEP) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients presenting for cataract surgery.

Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of patients who underwent cataract surgery between January 2014 and February 2020. Patients who self-identified as needing or preferring an interpreter were defined as having LEP.

Autonomous artificial intelligence increases real-world specialist clinic productivity in a cluster-randomized trial.

Autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) promises to increase healthcare productivity, but real-world evidence is lacking. We developed a clinic productivity model to generate testable hypotheses and study design for a preregistered cluster-randomized clinical trial, in which we tested the hypothesis that a previously validated US FDA-authorized AI for diabetic eye exams increases clinic productivity (number of completed care encounters per hour per specialist physician) among patients with diabetes. Here we report that 105 clinic days are cluster randomized to either intervention (using AI diagnosis; 51 days; 494 patients) or control (not using AI diagnosis; 54 days; 499 patients).