Complications and Healthcare Costs Associated With the First Year Following Colostomy and Ileostomy Formation: A Retrospective Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical and economic outcomes during the first year following ostomy formation.

Design: Single-center retrospective audit.

Subjects And Setting: The sample comprised 200 patients who underwent surgery leading to ileostomy or colostomy at a large English National Health Service (NHS) Trust.

Real-world evaluation of osteoporotic fractures using the Japan Medical Data Vision database.

Unlabelled: In Japanese patients who experienced an osteoporotic fracture, 10.8% and 18.6% had a subsequent fracture within 1 and 2 years of follow-up, respectively.

Lineage tracing reveals the phylodynamics, plasticity, and paths of tumor evolution.

Tumor evolution is driven by the progressive acquisition of genetic and epigenetic alterations that enable uncontrolled growth and expansion to neighboring and distal tissues. The study of phylogenetic relationships between cancer cells provides key insights into these processes. Here, we introduced an evolving lineage-tracing system with a single-cell RNA-seq readout into a mouse model of Kras;Trp53(KP)-driven lung adenocarcinoma and tracked tumor evolution from single-transformed cells to metastatic tumors at unprecedented resolution.

Experimental warming during incubation improves cold tolerance of blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) chicks.

Climate change and increasing air temperature may alter environmental conditions for developing birds, with a range of phenotypic consequences for offspring. The thermal environment during incubation may affect the trade-off between growth and thermoregulation, but the effects of temperature on the ontogeny of endothermy are not fully understood. Therefore, we experimentally tested whether heating the nest cup of Eurasian blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) during incubation would influence cold tolerance of the chicks after hatching.

Avian red blood cell mitochondria produce more heat in winter than in autumn.

Endotherms in cold regions improve heat-producing capacity when preparing for winter. We know comparatively little about how this change is fueled by seasonal adaptation in cellular respiration. Thus, we studied the changes of mitochondrial function in red blood cells in sympatric Coal (Periparus ater), Blue (Cyanistes caeruleus), and Great (Parus major) tits between autumn and winter.

Investigation into the Efficacy of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus as a Novel Preharvest Intervention To Control Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in Cattle Using an In Vitro Model.

Cattle are an important reservoir for the foodborne pathogens Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7; they frequently harbor these microorganisms in their digestive tracts and shed them in their feces. Thus, there is potential for contamination of cattle hides and, subsequently, carcasses. Interventions aimed at reducing or eliminating pathogen shedding preharvest will also reduce the likelihood of beef product contamination by these pathogens.

Transgenic overexpression of ribonucleotide reductase improves cardiac performance.

We previously demonstrated that cardiac myosin can use 2-deoxy-ATP (dATP) as an energy substrate, that it enhances contraction and relaxation with minimal effect on calcium-handling properties in vitro, and that contractile enhancement occurs with only minor elevation of cellular [dATP]. Here, we report the effect of chronically enhanced dATP concentration on cardiac function using a transgenic mouse that overexpresses the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (TgRR), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in de novo deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis. Hearts from TgRR mice had elevated left ventricular systolic function compared with wild-type (WT) mice, both in vivo and in vitro, without signs of hypertrophy or altered diastolic function.

Staying the course: chemical signal spatial properties and concentration mediate cross-stream motion in turbulent plumes.

This study examined the role of broadly distributed sensor populations in chemosensory searching, especially cross-stream heading adjustment. We used three-dimensional laser-induced fluorescence to collect chemical concentration data simultaneously with behavior observations of actively tracking blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus). Our analysis indicates that the spatial distribution of the odorant concentration field is necessary and sufficient to mediate correct cross-stream motion, although concentration provides information that supplements that obtained from the spatial distribution.

Getting ahead: context-dependent responses to odorant filaments drive along-stream progress during odor tracking in blue crabs.

The chemosensory signal structure governing the upstream progress of blue crabs to an odorant source was examined. We used a three-dimensional laser-induced fluorescence system to collect chemical concentration data simultaneously with behavior observations of actively tracking blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) in a variety of plume types. This allowed us to directly link chemical signal properties at the antennules and legs to subsequent upstream motion while altering the spatial and temporal intermittency characteristics of the sensory field.

Mice lacking FABP9/PERF15 develop sperm head abnormalities but are fertile.

The male germ cell-specific fatty acid-binding protein 9 (FABP9/PERF15) is the major component of the murine sperm perforatorium and perinuclear theca. Based on its cytoskeletal association and sequence homology to myelin P2 (FABP8), it has been suggested that FABP9 tethers sperm membranes to the underlying cytoskeleton. Furthermore, its upregulation in apoptotic testicular germ cells and its increased phosphorylation status during capacitation suggested multiple important functions for FABP9.

Ribonucleotide reductase is not limiting for mitochondrial DNA copy number in mice.

Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is the rate-limiting enzyme in deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) biosynthesis, with important roles in nuclear genome maintenance. RNR is also essential for maintenance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in mammals. The mechanisms regulating mtDNA copy number in mammals are only being discovered.

A motivational music and video intervention improves high-intensity exercise performance.

Unlabelled: Music and video are utilised by recreational gym users to enhance their exercise experience. Music and video have not been investigated for their combined ergogenic effect during high intensity exercise. To induce fatigue, this study was performed in warm (~26°C), moist conditions (~50%RH).

Ocular discomfort from pterygium in men and women.

Purpose: To determine if the discomfort associated with pterygium is different for men and women.

Methods: Subjects were selected from patients attending a clinic in Guanajuato, Mexico, which has a high prevalence of pterygium. Discomfort was determined using a Spanish version of an English questionnaire designed to evaluate symptoms in dry eye patients.

Broad overexpression of ribonucleotide reductase genes in mice specifically induces lung neoplasms.

Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in nucleotide biosynthesis and plays a central role in genome maintenance. Although a number of regulatory mechanisms govern RNR activity, the physiologic effect of RNR deregulation had not previously been examined in an animal model. We show here that overexpression of the small RNR subunit potently and selectively induces lung neoplasms in transgenic mice and is mutagenic in cultured cells.

Suppression of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice by bifunctional peptide inhibitor: modulation of the immunological synapse formation.

The aim of this work was to design and utilize a bifunctional peptide inhibitor called glutamic acid decarboxylase-bifunctional peptide inhibitor to suppress the progression of type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice. The hypothesis is that glutamic acid decarboxylase-bifunctional peptide inhibitor binds simultaneously to major histocompatibility complex-II and intercellular adhesion molecule type 1 on antigen-presenting cell and inhibits the immunological synapse formation during T-cell-antigen-presenting cell interactions. Glutamic acid decarboxylase-bifunctional peptide inhibitor was composed of a major epitope of the type 1 diabetes-associated antigen, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 kDa, covalently linked to a peptide derived from CD11a of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1.

An ectopic expression screen reveals the protective and toxic effects of Drosophila seminal fluid proteins.

In Drosophila melanogaster, seminal fluid regulates the reproductive and immune responses of mated females. Some seminal fluid proteins may provide protective functions to mated females, such as antimicrobial activity and/or stimulation of antimicrobial gene expression levels, while others appear to have negative effects, contributing to a "cost of mating." To identify seminal proteins that could participate in these phenomena, we used a systemic ectopic expression screen to test the effects on unmated females of proteins normally produced by the male accessory gland (Acps).

Differences between actual and perceived student norms: an examination of alcohol use, drug use, and sexual behavior.

Researchers in the social norms area have previously focused primarily on alcohol consumption, paying comparatively less attention to drug use and sexual behavior. The major purposes of this study were to (1) compare perceptions of peer norms in the areas of alcohol use, drug use, and sexual behavior with actual behavior and (2) determine if a relationship existed between a student's perceptions of normative behavior and a student's actual behavior. Participants were 833 college students at a large, public university in the Northeast.

Protective behavioral strategies when drinking alcohol and their relationship to negative alcohol-related consequences in college students.

Prior research has examined a number of individual characteristics (e.g., gender, family connectedness) that protect individuals from engaging in heavy drinking and experiencing negative alcohol-related consequences, but less is known about specific behavioral strategies that might also serve as protective factors.