Evolution of physiologic and autonomic phenotype in rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation over a decade from age at diagnosis.

Unlabelled: Rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation (ROHHAD) is a rare cause of syndromic obesity with risk of cardiorespiratory arrest and neural crest tumor. No ROHHAD-specific genetic test exists at present. Rapid weight gain of 20-30 pounds, typically between ages 2-7 years in an otherwise healthy child, followed by multiple endocrine abnormalities herald the ROHHAD phenotype.

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis presenting in an African-American teenage male: case report.

Background: Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is a rare complication of hyperthyroidism and is associated with hypokalemia and muscle paralysis. This condition is most commonly seen in Asian men.

Case Presentation: We report on a 14-year-old African American male with Graves' disease and intermittent asthma who presented with bilateral leg weakness.

Opioid-induced hyponatremia in a patient with central diabetes insipidus: independence from ADH.

Hyponatremia can be a complication of opioid therapy, which has been postulated to occur secondary to inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion [SIADH]). We report severe hyponatremia following wisdom teeth extraction with opioid analgesia in a 19-year-old female with diabetes insipidus (DI) and acquired panhypopituitarism that challenges this theory. As this patient has DI, we believe opioid treatment caused severe hyponatremia by the following mechanisms: (1) Opioids have a direct antidiuretic effect independent of changes in ADH, as demonstrated in Brattleboro rats with central DI.

Prospective memory and glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Prospective memory is that memory which is required to carry out intended actions and is therefore essential in carrying out the daily activities required in the self-management of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This study aimed to identify the relationships between prospective memory and diabetic control in children with T1DM.

Method: 94 children aged 6-18 years with T1DM completed an innovative prospective memory screen, PROMS, and a series of cognitive tests.

Consultation with the specialist: thyroid nodules.

Based on strong research evidence, thyroid nodules in children and teenagers are more likely to be malignant than in adults. Based on strong research evidence, a history of ionizing radiation to the head or neck is an independent risk factor for the development of thyroid malignancies. There is strong research evidence, including a recent meta-analysis, supporting the use of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the evaluation of all pediatric and adolescent patients presenting with a thyroid nodule.

Reversible pituitary hyperplasia at birth in a macrosomic full-term baby boy.

Pituitary hyperplasia is generally associated with end-organ failure such as primary hypothyroidism, physiological changes such as puberty and pregnancy, or neoplasms secreting releasing factors. We present a full-term infant with an enlarged pituitary height of 8 mm at age 3 days despite a normal endocrinological evaluation. Repeat imaging at 5 months of age revealed a normal-size pituitary gland.

Prime-time hypoglycemia: factitious hypoglycemia during insulin-pump therapy.

Unexplained hypoglycemia in a pediatric diabetic patient can perplex even the savviest health care providers and lead to an extensive medical workup. We present here the cases of 2 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus treated with insulin pumps who were hospitalized for episodes of hypoglycemia. Review of their insulin pumps revealed normal basal and bolus insulin delivery.