SGLT2 inhibitors and diabetic retinopathy progression.

Purpose: To evaluate whether sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors affect progression of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) compared to standard of care.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study compared subjects enrolled in a commercial and Medicare Advantage medical claims database who filled a prescription for a SGLT2 inhibitor between 2013 and 2020 to unexposed controls, matched up to a 1:3 ratio. Patients were excluded if they were enrolled for less than 2 years in the plan, had no prior ophthalmologic exam, had no diagnosis of NPDR, had a diagnosis of diabetic macular edema (DME) or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), had received treatment for vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR), or were younger than 18 years.

Optimization and Validation of a Virtual Reality Orientation and Mobility Test for Inherited Retinal Degenerations.

Purpose: To optimize a virtual reality (VR) orientation and mobility (O&M) test of functional vision in patients with inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs).

Methods: We developed an O&M test using commercially available VR hardware and custom-generated software. Normally sighted subjects (n = 20, ages = 14-67 years) and patients with IRDs (n = 29, ages = 15-63 years) participated.

Effect of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma Drops in the Treatment of Ocular Surface Disease.

Purpose: Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous preparation that concentrates platelets in a small volume of plasma. The purpose of this study was to determine if PRP eye drops improved the symptoms and signs of ocular surface disease.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective case series was conducted of patients who were prescribed PRP eye drops.

Compound Heterozygous Mutations in ZNF408 in a Patient with a Late Onset Pigmentary Retinopathy and Relatively Preserved Central Retina.

Purpose: To describe in detail the phenotype of a patient with compound heterozygous mutations in ZNF408 and an adult-onset pigmentary retinopathy rather than familial exudative vitreoretinopathy as expected with heterozygous mutations in this gene.

Methods: A 70-year-old male presented with a pigmentary retinopathy, which prompted a genetic evaluation that revealed two variants in trans in the ZNF408 gene. He underwent an ophthalmic examination, kinetic fields, electroretinography (ERG), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), fundus autofluorescence, wide-angle fluorescein angiography and near-infrared imaging.

Evaluation of intravitreal topotecan dose levels, toxicity and efficacy for retinoblastoma vitreous seeds: a preclinical and clinical study.

Background: Current melphalan-based intravitreal regimens for retinoblastoma (RB) vitreous seeds cause retinal toxicity. We assessed the efficacy and toxicity of topotecan monotherapy compared with melphalan in our rabbit model and patient cohort.

Methods: Rabbit experiments: empiric pharmacokinetics were determined following topotecan injection.

ROLE OF OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY FOR PREDICTING POSTOPERATIVE VISUAL OUTCOMES AFTER REPAIR OF MACULA-OFF RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT.

Purpose: To identify any prognostic associations between preoperative optical coherence tomography findings and postoperative visual outcomes in patients with macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Methods: A retrospective, single-center study of patients diagnosed with macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment whom underwent surgical reattachment from 2012 to 2017. Optical coherence tomography images were analyzed by two retina surgeons.

Association of Retinal Vascular Occlusion With Women Filling a Prescription for Female Hormone Therapy.

Importance: Oral contraceptives have been associated with cardiovascular disease, ischemic stroke, venous thromboembolic disease, and breast cancer. Retinal vascular occlusions share the same risk factors as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.

Objective: To determine whether filling a prescription of female hormone therapy (FHT) is associated with an increased risk of retinal artery occlusion (RAO) or retinal vein occlusions (RVO).

Is intravitreal topotecan toxic to retinal function?

Background: Intravitreal injections of topotecan are used in the management of retinoblastoma with vitreous seeds. This study evaluated whether intravitreal topotecan was associated with retinal toxicity.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of patients with retinoblastoma who were treated with intravitreal topotecan at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center between December 2014 and May 2019.

Ultra-Widefield Autofluorescence Imaging of Retinal Detachment Compared to Retinoschisis.

Background And Objective: Localized retinal detachment can appear similar to peripheral retinoschisis (RS) based on clinical exam alone. This study utilized ultra-widefield autofluorescence (UAF) to characterize retinal changes in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) compared to RS and to help differentiate these two entities in the era of multimodal imaging.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective review of 282 eyes undergoing diagnostic UAF.

Cortical β-amyloid burden, gray matter, and memory in adults at varying APOE ε4 risk for Alzheimer's disease.

Models of preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) propose that cerebral amyloidosis leads to neurodegeneration and subsequent cognitive decline. This study investigated whether APOE genotype is related to β-amyloid (Aβ) burden in brain regions preferentially affected by AD and whether Aβ burden is associated with gray-matter (GM) fraction (as a marker of neurodegeneration) and episodic memory performance in cognitively normal middle-aged individuals at varying genetic risk for AD. Three groups of cognitively normal participants aged 50-65 years with a first-degree family history of AD (APOE genotype ε4ε4 [n = 15], ε3ε4 [n = 15], and ε3ε3 [n = 15]) underwent [C]PiB positron emission tomography scans to quantify cortical Aβ, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and neuropsychological testing.

SPECTRAL DOMAIN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY FINDINGS IN MACULA-INVOLVING CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS.

Purpose: To evaluate the microstructural features of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: Subjects were patients with macula-involving CMV retinitis with OCT imaging. The leading edge of retinitis in the macula was identified based on fundus imaging, and OCT findings were longitudinally evaluated in three areas: within the area of active retinitis, at the leading edge of retinitis, and just beyond the leading edge of retinitis.