Combined clinoptilolite and Fe(O)OH for efficient removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) with enhanced solid-liquid separation.

Unlabelled: This study investigated combining fine clinoptilolite with iron hydroxide coagulant, as a cost-effective, dual-purpose flocculant for enhanced removal of Pb⁺ or Cu⁺ ions, along with the solid-liquid separation and physicochemical analysis. For the clinoptilolite, adsorption kinetics fitted a pseudo-second-order (PSO) rate model with higher rate constants for Pb, while equilibrium adsorption data fitted the Langmuir monolayer model, with similar at 18.8 mg/g for Pb and 18.