Sociodemographic determinants and mortality of premature newborns in a medium and low-income population in Colombia, 2017-2019.

Introduction: The birth of premature babies is a public health problem with a high impact on infant morbidity and mortality. About 40% of mortality in children under five years occurs in the first month of life.

Objective: To identify the association between maternal sociodemographic factors, premature birth, and mortality in newborns under 37 weeks in Santiago de Cali, 2017-2019.

Community Walks: a cluster randomized controlled trial of a multilevel physical activity intervention for low income public housing residents.

Background: Physical activity behavioral interventions to change individual-level drivers of activity, like motivation, attitudes, and self-efficacy, are often not sustained beyond the intervention period. Interventions at both environmental and individual levels might facilitate durable change. This community-based study seeks to test a multilevel, multicomponent intervention to increase moderate intensity physical activity among people with low incomes living in U.

Device-associated infections in neonatal care units in a middle-income country, 2016-2018.

Objective: Describe the device-associated infections in the NICUs in Cali - Colombia, a middle-income country, between August 2016 to December 2018.

Methods: Observational cross-sectional study evaluating reports of device-associated infections in 10 NICUs in Cali, Colombia, between August 2016 and December 2018. Socio-demographic and microbiological data were obtained from the National Public Health surveillance system, through a specialized notification sheet.

Mobile health plus community health worker support for weight management among public housing residents (Path to Health): A randomized controlled trial protocol.

Interventions delivered by mobile devices (mHealth interventions) have the potential to increase access to weight management treatment in low-income populations. However, little prior research has examined effects of mHealth programming plus phone-based community health worker (CHW) support for weight management among public housing residents. For our intervention, we first interacted with a community advisory board to collect feedback on proposed intervention components.

An Exploratory Study of the Frequency of Central Nervous System Tumors by Type in the Central Texas Military and Civilian Populations.

Background:  The types of central nervous system (CNS) tumors in a patient population with a history of military service were compared to the types of CNS tumors in a similar patient population without a military service history to determine if a relationship exists between military service and CNS tumor type.

Methods:  This study analyzed data for adult patients diagnosed with an intra- or extra-axial CNS tumor from January 2016 to July 2019. One cohort was constructed of patients who had a history of military service (MIL), and the other cohort was made of patients who did not have a history of military service (NMIL).

Community health worker-delivered weight management intervention among public housing residents: A feasibility study.

Community health worker-led interventions may be an optimal approach to promote behavior change among populations with low incomes due to the community health workers' unique insights into participants' social and environmental contexts and potential ability to deliver interventions widely. The objective was to determine the feasibility (implementation, acceptability, preliminary efficacy) of a weight management intervention for adults living in public housing developments. In 2016-2018, in Boston Massachusetts, we conducted a 3-month, two-group randomized trial comparing participants who received a tailored feedback report (control group) to participants who received the same report plus behavioral counseling.

Examination of Food Insecurity, Socio-Demographic, Psychosocial, and Physical Factors among Residents in Public Housing.

Objectives: Understanding associations between psychosocial and physical factors among those who experience food insecurity could help design effective food insecurity programs for improved cardiovascular health among low-income populations. We examined differences in psychosocial and physical factors between those who were food secure compared with food insecure among public housing residents.

Methods: Data were from the baseline survey of a randomized controlled trial of a weight management intervention in Boston, Massachusetts from 2016-2017.

Patient navigation among recently hospitalized smokers to promote tobacco treatment: Results from a randomized exploratory pilot study.

Introduction: Adding screening for health-related social needs to tobacco treatment interventions initiated during hospitalizations may improve intervention effectiveness among vulnerable populations. Our objective was to examine the effect the acceptability and feasibility of a intervention in which a patient navigator screens for and addresses social needs to increase receipt of smoking cessation medication among recently hospitalized smokers at a safety-net hospital.

Methods: In a two-group randomized exploratory pilot study, we assigned hospitalized smokers to either the Enhanced Traditional Control (ETC) group (list of smoking cessation resources) or ETC + Patient Navigation (up to 10 h of navigation over a 3-month period, in which a navigator screens for and addresses health-related social needs).

Effectiveness of multidisciplinary care teams in reducing major amputation rate in adults with diabetes: A systematic review & meta-analysis.

Aims: To determine the pooled effectiveness of multidiscipinary care teams (MCTs) in reducing major amputation rates in adults with diabetes.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed, searching databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrials.gov thru October 2018.

Process evaluation of counseling delivered by a patient navigator in an efficacious smoking cessation intervention among low-income primary care patients.

Introduction: This exploratory study examined the relationship between receipt of counseling by a patient navigator and socio-demographic characteristics of primary care patients enrolled in a smoking cessation trial.

Methods: We grouped intervention participants ( = 177) into two categories: 1) no or some contact with the navigator or 2) minimum counseling intervention dose or higher delivered.

Results: In logistic regression analyses, controlling for patient race/ethnicity, education, age, gender, household annual income, stress/chaos/hassles composite score, heavy smoking, and substance use, non-Hispanic white participants had lower odds (aOR 0.

Isoflavonoid composition and biological activity of extracts from soybean seedlings treated by different elicitors.

Time-course and dose-response experiments were carried out to establish the ability for synthesizing isoflavonoids of soybean seedlings (cv. Soyica P34) treated with salicylic (SA) and isonicotinic acids (INA). Then, 25 structurally-related compounds were evaluated for their isoflavonoid-eliciting activity.

Effect of Patient Navigation and Financial Incentives on Smoking Cessation Among Primary Care Patients at an Urban Safety-Net Hospital: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: While the proportion of adults who smoke cigarettes has declined substantially in the past decade, socioeconomic disparities in cigarette smoking remain. Few interventions have targeted low socioeconomic status (SES) and minority smokers in primary care settings.

Objective: To evaluate a multicomponent intervention to promote smoking cessation among low-SES and minority smokers.

Patient Navigation for Colonoscopy Completion: Results of an RCT.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in the U.S. Although screening reduces colorectal cancer incidence and mortality, screening rates among U.

Refining the Patient Navigation Role in a Colorectal Cancer Screening Program: Results From an Intervention Study.

Background: Oncology patient navigators help individuals overcome barriers to increase access to cancer screening, diagnosis, and timely treatment. This study, part of a randomized intervention trial investigating the efficacy of patient navigation in increasing colonoscopy completion, examined navigators' activities to ameliorate barriers to colonoscopy screening in a medically disadvantaged population.

Methods: This study was conducted from 2012 through 2014 at Boston Medical Center.

Patient navigation to promote smoking cessation among low-income primary care patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial to determine the feasibility and acceptability of a patient navigation intervention. Forty-seven smokers from one safety-net hospital were randomized to either a control group, in which they received a smoking cessation brochure and a list of smoking cessation resources, or a navigation group, in which they received the smoking cessation brochure, a list of smoking cessation resources, and patient navigation. Follow-up data were obtained for 33 participants.

Colorectal cancer screening among ethnically diverse, low-income patients: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Patient navigators may increase colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates among adults in underserved communities, but prior randomized trials have been small or conducted at single sites and have not included substantial numbers of Haitian Creole-speaking or Portuguese-speaking patients.

Methods: We identified 465 primary care patients from 4 community health centers and 2 public hospital-based clinics who were not up-to-date with CRC screening and spoke English, Haitian Creole, Portuguese, or Spanish as their primary language. We enrolled participants from September 1, 2008, through March 31, 2009, and followed them up for 1 year after enrollment.

A multilevel intervention to promote colorectal cancer screening among community health center patients: results of a pilot study.

Background: Colorectal cancer screening rates are low among poor and disadvantaged patients. Patient navigation has been shown to increase breast and cervical cancer screening rates, but few studies have looked at the potential of patient navigation to increase colorectal cancer screening rates.

Methods: The objective was to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of a patient navigator-based intervention to increase colorectal cancer screening rates in community health centers.

Discussions about preventive services: a qualitative study.

Background: Elderly minority patients are less likely to receive influenza vaccination and colorectal cancer screening than are other patients. Communication between primary care providers (PCPs) and patients may affect service receipt.

Methods: Encounters between 7 PCPs and 18 elderly patients were observed and audiotaped at 2 community health centers.