Optimising messages and images for e-cigarette warnings.

Background: The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) to have a single addiction warning, but many other health harms are associated with vaping and warnings grow stale over time. We aimed to develop new warning messages and images to discourage e-cigarette use.

Methods: Participants were 1629 US adults who vaped or smoked.

The Impact of The Real Cost Vaping and Smoking Ads across Tobacco Products.

Introduction: Little research has examined the spillover effects of tobacco communication campaigns, such as how anti-smoking ads affect vaping.

Aims And Methods: Participants were a national sample of 623 U.S.

Terms tobacco users employ to describe e-cigarette aerosol.

Background: The scientific term for the substance people inhale and exhale from a vaping device is 'aerosol', but whether the public uses this term is unclear. To inform tobacco control communication efforts, we sought to understand what tobacco users call e-cigarette aerosols.

Methods: Participants were a national convenience sample of 1628 US adults who used e-cigarettes, cigarettes or both (dual users).

Adolescents' Understanding of Smoking and Vaping Risk Language: Cognitive Interviews to Inform Scale Development.

Introduction: Perceived message effectiveness (PME) is a common metric to understand receptivity to tobacco prevention messages, yet most measures have been developed with adults. We examined adolescents' interpretation of language within candidate items for a new youth-targeted PME measure using cognitive interviewing. We sought to understand the meaning adolescents assigned to our candidate PME items to improve item wording.

Identifying Promising Themes for Adolescent Vaping Warnings: A National Experiment.

Introduction: Adolescent vaping remains a problem in the United States, yet little is known about what health warning themes most discourage vaping among adolescents. We sought to identify the most compelling themes for vaping warnings for US adolescents.

Methods: Participants were a national probability sample of 623 US adolescents aged 13-17 years, recruited in the summer of 2020.

Development of the UNC Perceived Message Effectiveness Scale for Youth.

Purpose: Tobacco prevention media campaigns are an important tool to address youth tobacco use. We developed a theory-based perceived message effectiveness (PME) Scale to use when vetting messages for campaigns.

Methods: Participants were a national sample of N=623 US adolescents (ages 13-17 years) recruited from a national probability-based panel.

The impact of cigarette pack anti-littering messages.

Objective: Tobacco butts are the most littered item worldwide and pose a critical environmental and public health hazard. Given the positive impact of required graphic warnings on smoking, we sought to assess the impact of a policy requiring cigarette pack anti-littering messages on smokers' littering intentions.

Methods: We randomly assigned US adult smokers (n = 719) to receive labels on the side of their cigarette packs for three weeks: anti-littering messages or messages about chemicals in cigarette smoke.

Using a Naturalistic Store Laboratory for Clinical Trials of Point-of-Sale Nutrition Policies and Interventions: A Feasibility and Validation Study.

Point-of-sale policies such as warnings and taxes are promising tools for improving the nutritional quality of food purchases. Research studies conducted in naturalistic store laboratories could improve the quality of evidence about point-of-sale interventions by allowing for realistic exposure in a controlled setting. This study aimed to assess whether purchasing behavior in a naturalistic store laboratory setting was similar to real-life purchasing behavior and to evaluate participants' perceptions of store realism and the acceptability of research study protocols in this setting.

Awareness of and reactions to the health harms of sugary drinks: An online study of U.S. parents.

Evidence about the health problems associated with sugary drink consumption is well-established. However, little is known about which sugary drink health harms are most effective at changing consumers' behavior. We aimed to identify which harms people were aware of and most discouraged them from wanting to buy sugary drinks.

Reactions to messages about smoking, vaping and COVID-19: two national experiments.

Introduction: The pace and scale of the COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with ongoing efforts by health agencies to communicate harms, have created a pressing need for data to inform messaging about smoking, vaping, and COVID-19. We examined reactions to COVID-19 and traditional health harms messages discouraging smoking and vaping.

Methods: Participants were a national convenience sample of 810 US adults recruited online in May 2020.