Adherence to Vitamin D Supplementation Recommendations for Breastfed Infants and Young Children: An Analysis of Canadian Community Health Survey Data Cycles From 2015 to 2018.

Background: In Canada, nutrition policy, as outlined in the Nutrition for Healthy Term Infants recommendations, includes a daily vitamin D supplement of 10 μg (400 IU) for breastfed infants and young children to support adequate vitamin D status.

Objectives: This study aimed to report on adherence to vitamin D supplementation recommendations for breastfed infants (≤12 months); and for children breastfed >12 mo.

Methods: Canadian Community Health Survey (paired-cycles 2015/2016 and 2017/2018) maternal experiences data for infants born 2012-2018 who received any breastmilk formed the sample (n = 7079).

Aspiration therapy for the treatment of obesity: 4-year results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Background: The AspireAssist is the first Food and Drug Administration-approved endoluminal device indicated for treatment of class II and III obesity.

Objectives: We earlier reported 1-year results of the PATHWAY study. Here, we report 4-year outcomes.

Percutaneous Gastrostomy Device for the Treatment of Class II and Class III Obesity: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: The AspireAssist System (AspireAssist) is an endoscopic weight loss device that is comprised of an endoscopically placed percutaneous gastrostomy tube and an external device to facilitate drainage of about 30% of the calories consumed in a meal, in conjunction with lifestyle (diet and exercise) counseling.

Methods: In this 52-week clinical trial, 207 participants with a body-mass index (BMI) of 35.0-55.

Common CD36 SNPs reduce protein expression and may contribute to a protective atherogenic profile.

Membrane CD36 functions in the uptake of fatty acids (FAs), oxidized lipoproteins and in signal transduction after binding these ligands. In rodents, CD36 is implicated in abnormal lipid metabolism, inflammation and atherosclerosis. In humans, CD36 variants have been identified to influence free FA and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and to associate with the risk of the metabolic syndrome, coronary artery disease and stroke.

Effect of fenofibrate and niacin on intrahepatic triglyceride content, very low-density lipoprotein kinetics, and insulin action in obese subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Context: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease, particularly increased plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations and insulin resistance. Fenofibrate and extended release nicotinic acid (Niaspan) are used to treat hypertriglyceridemia and can affect fatty acid oxidation and plasma free fatty acid concentrations, which influence intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) content and metabolic function.

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the effects of fenofibrate and nicotinic acid therapy on IHTG content and cardiovascular risk factors.

Gastric bypass surgery improves metabolic and hepatic abnormalities associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background & Aims: Most patients with extreme obesity have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although gastric bypass (GBP) surgery is the most common bariatric operation performed in obese patients in the United States, the effect of GBP surgery-induced weight loss on the metabolic and hepatic abnormalities associated with NAFLD are not clear.

Methods: Whole-body glucose, fatty acid and lipoprotein kinetics, liver histology, and hepatic cellular factors involved in inflammation and fibrogenesis were evaluated in 7 extremely obese subjects (body mass index, 58 +/- 4 kg/m(2)) before and 1 year after GBP surgery.

Dietary counselling for dyslipidemia in primary care: results of a randomized trial.

This study compared the effectiveness of physician advice versus dietitian advice for a fat-reduced diet, and of dietitian advice for a fat-reduced diet versus a soluble fibre-enhanced diet in patients with moderate dyslipidemia. A total of 111 men and women took part in this 26-week, three-group, randomized, clinical trial. The physician advice fat-reduced diet group (n = 38) and the dietitian advice fat-reduced diet group (n = 35) received dietary advice based on the American Heart Association (AHA) Step II guidelines.