The Infant with Aortic Arch Hypoplasia and Small Left Heart Structures: Echocardiographic Indices of Mitral and Aortic Hypoplasia Predicting Successful Biventricular Repair.

In infants with aortic arch hypoplasia and small left-sided cardiac structures, successful biventricular repair is dependent on the adequacy of the left-sided structures. Defining accurate thresholds of echocardiographic indices predictive of successful biventricular repair is paramount to achieving optimal outcomes. We sought to identify pre-operative echocardiographic indices of left heart size that predict intervention-free survival in infants with small left heart structures undergoing primary aortic arch repair to establish biventricular circulation (BVC).

TAPVR in a kindergartner presenting with fatigue.

We present a case of late diagnosis of cyanotic heart disease in a kindergartner, as a contemporary reminder of the importance of the history and clinical examination in the assessment of paediatric patients. In addition, this case illustrates the complementary diagnostic value of various cardiac imaging modalities in understanding pulmonary venous drainage.

Sterile cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis in young febrile infants with urinary tract infections.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of and to identify risk factors for sterile cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis in a large sample of febrile young infants with urinary tract infections (UTIs) and to describe the clinical courses of those patients.

Design: Secondary analysis of a multicenter retrospective review.

Setting: Emergency departments of 20 North American hospitals.

Febrile infants with urinary tract infections at very low risk for adverse events and bacteremia.

Background: There is limited evidence from which to derive guidelines for the management of febrile infants aged 29 to 60 days with urinary tract infections (UTIs). Most such infants are hospitalized for ≥48 hours. Our objective was to derive clinical prediction models to identify febrile infants with UTIs at very low risk of adverse events and bacteremia in a large sample of patients.