Childhood and adolescent residential and farm pesticide exposures and inflammatory bowel disease incidence in a U.S. cohort of women.

Background And Aims: There are few known risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation. Use of specific pesticides has been associated with higher incidence of IBD among pesticide applicators and their spouses, but no study has examined pesticide exposure in early life, a period where the human immune system undergoes rapid changes. We evaluated pesticide use during childhood and adolescence and incidence of IBD among US women enrolled in the Sister Study.

Opportunities, challenges, and future directions for simulation modeling the effects of structural racism on cancer mortality in the United States: a scoping review.

Purpose: Structural racism could contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in cancer mortality via its broad effects on housing, economic opportunities, and health care. However, there has been limited focus on incorporating structural racism into simulation models designed to identify practice and policy strategies to support health equity. We reviewed studies evaluating structural racism and cancer mortality disparities to highlight opportunities, challenges, and future directions to capture this broad concept in simulation modeling research.

Dietary patterns, socioeconomic disparities, and risk of type 2 diabetes in the Sister Study.

Aims: We investigated the role of socioeconomic disparities in the association between diet and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: We used prospective data from 40,243 Sister Study participants aged 35 to 74 years who were enrolled in 2003-2009. Scores for healthy eating indices (alternate Mediterranean diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, alternative Healthy Eating Index, and Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015)) were calculated using data from a 110-item food frequency questionnaire completed at enrollment.

Association between prenatal socioeconomic disadvantage, adverse birth outcomes, and inflammatory response at birth.

Prenatal socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with inflammation in mid- to late-life, yet whether a pro-inflammatory phenotype is present at birth and the role of adverse birth outcomes in this pathway remains unclear. We utilized data on prenatal socioeconomic disadvantage at the individual- (i.e.

Health Equity Implications of Missing Data Among Youths With Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Proof-of-Concept Study in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry.

Objective: Health disparities in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disproportionately impact marginalized populations. Socioeconomically patterned missing data can magnify existing health inequities by supporting inferences that may misrepresent populations of interest. Our objective was to assess missing data and subsequent health equity implications among participants with childhood-onset SLE enrolled in a large pediatric rheumatology registry.

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Associations Between Traumatic Childhood Experiences and Both Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence and Type 2 Diabetes Risk Among a Cohort of U.S. Women.

Objective: Childhood adversity has been associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes risk in adulthood. However, studies have yet to investigate traumatic childhood experiences (TCEs) beyond abuse and neglect (e.g.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Risk: The Role of Environmental Factors.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex, chronic autoimmune disease. The etiology of SLE is multifactorial and includes potential environmental triggers, which may occur sequentially (the "multi-hit" hypothesis). This review focuses on SLE risk potentially associated with environmental factors including infections, the microbiome, diet, respirable exposures (eg, crystalline silica, smoking, air pollution), organic pollutants, heavy metals, and ultraviolet radiation.

Early life trauma and adult leucocyte telomere length.

Background: Telomere length, a biomarker of cell division and cellular aging, has been associated with multiple chronic disease endpoints. Experienced trauma over the life course may contribute to telomere shortening via mechanisms of stress embodiment. However, it is unclear how patterns of co-occurring trauma during sensitive periods (e.

Latent Class Models of Early-life Trauma and Incident Breast Cancer.

Background: Psychosocial trauma has been hypothesized to influence breast cancer risk, but little is known about how co-occurring traumas-particularly during early life-may impact incidence. We examine the relationship between multiple measures of early-life trauma and incident breast cancer.

Methods: The Sister Study is a prospective cohort study of US women (n = 50,884; enrollment 2003-2009; ages 35-74).

The role of environmental exposures and gene-environment interactions in the etiology of systemic lupus erythematous.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex, chronic autoimmune disease, whose etiology includes both genetic and environmental factors. Individual genetic risk factors likely only account for about one-third of observed heritability among individuals with a family history of SLE. A large portion of the remaining risk may be attributable to environmental exposures and gene-environment interactions.

Disparities in Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases.

Health and health care disparities in pediatric rheumatology are prevalent among socially disadvantaged and marginalized populations based on race/ethnicity, socioeconomic position, and geographic region. These groups are more likely to experience greater disease severity, morbidity, mortality, decreased quality of life, and poor mental health outcomes, which are in part due to persistent structural and institutional barriers, including decreased access to quality health care. Most of the research on health and health care disparities in pediatric rheumatology focuses on juvenile idiopathic arthritis and childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus; there are significant gaps in the literature assessing disparities associated with other pediatric rheumatic diseases.

Prioritized Agenda for Mental Health Research in Pediatric Rheumatology from the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Mental Health Workgroup.

Objective: Mental health problems are prevalent in youth with rheumatologic disease. Gaps in knowledge exist regarding their effect, as well as strategies for detection and effective treatment. To address these gaps, the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Mental Health Workgroup developed and prioritized an agenda of research topics.

Measurements of the radiographic cardiac silhouette of ospreys ().

Objective: To evaluate and report measurements of the radiographic cardiac silhouette of healthy juvenile and adult ospreys ().

Animals: 54 ospreys (22 adults, 19 juveniles, and 13 birds of undetermined age) without clinical signs of cardiac disease and with adequate ventrodorsal radiographic images for cardiac silhouette assessment.

Procedures: Radiographs of ospreys were assessed to determine cardiac width at the widest point as well as sternal width and thoracic width at the same level.

Gaps in Mental Health Care for Youth With Rheumatologic Conditions: A Mixed Methods Study of Perspectives From Behavioral Health Providers.

Objective: To identify behavioral health provider perspectives on gaps in mental health care for youth with rheumatologic conditions.

Methods: Social workers (n = 34) and psychologists (n = 8) at pediatric rheumatology centers in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) completed an online survey assessing current practices and mental health care needs of youth with rheumatologic conditions. Responses were compared to a published survey of CARRA rheumatologists (n = 119).

46-Year Trends in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Mortality in the United States, 1968 to 2013: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

Background: No large population-based studies have been done on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) mortality trends in the United States.

Objective: To identify secular trends and population characteristics associated with SLE mortality.

Design: Population-based study using a national mortality database and census data.

Biological agents in polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A meta-analysis of randomized withdrawal trials.

Background And Objective: Although various biological agents are in use for polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA), head-to-head trials comparing the efficacy and safety among them are lacking. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of biological agents in pJIA using all currently available randomized withdrawal trials (wRCTs).

Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and clinicaltrials.

Proceedings of the 2016 Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Scientific Meeting : Toronto, Canada. 14-17 April 2016.

P1 Serologic evidence of gut-driven systemic inflammation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis Lampros Fotis, Nur Shaikh, Kevin Baszis, Anthony French, Phillip Tarr P2 Oral health and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) in juvenile idiopathic arthritis Sriharsha Grevich, Peggy Lee, Sarah Ringold, Brian Leroux, Hannah Leahey, Megan Yuasa, Jessica Foster, Jeremy Sokolove, Lauren Lahey, William Robinson, Joshua Newsom, Anne Stevens P3 Novel autoantigens for endothelial cell antibodies in pediatric rheumatic diseases identified by proteomics Rie Karasawa, Mayumi Tamaki, Megumi Tanaka, Toshiko Sato, Kazuo Yudoh, James N. Jarvis P4 Transcriptional profiling reveals monocyte signature associated with JIA patient poor response to methotrexate Halima Moncrieffe, Mark F. Bennett, Monica Tsoras, Lorie Luyrink, Huan Xu, Sampath Prahalad, Paula Morris, Jason Dare, Peter A.

Agreements and Discrepancies between FDA Reports and Journal Papers on Biologic Agents Approved for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Meta-Research Project.

Background: Sponsors that seek to commercialize new drugs apply to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) which independently analyzes the raw data and reports the results on its website.

Objectives: This study sought to determine if there are differences between the FDA assessments and journal reports on biologic agents developed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods: Available data on FDA-approved drugs were extracted from the website, and a systematic literature search was conducted to identify matching studies in peer-reviewed medical journals.

Efficacy and safety of biological agents for systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Objective: To define the optimal biologic agent for systemic JIA (sJIA) based on safety and efficacy data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Methods: Through a systematic literature search, sJIA RCTs evaluating biologic agents were identified. The primary efficacy outcome was defined as a 30% improvement according to the modified American College of Rheumatology Paediatric 30 response criteria (JIA ACR30).

Folate usage in MTX-treated juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients is inconsistent and highly variable.

Folate supplementation is widely accepted and utilized for the prevention of adverse events in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients who are treated with methotrexate. Despite the widespread use of folate supplementation, there is a lack of convincing evidence to support the role of folate in the enhancement of methotrexate efficacy and the prevention of methotrexate-related adverse events. In order to understand current practices used by experts, we surveyed 214 pediatric rheumatologists around the globe.

Plasma levels of osteopontin identify patients at risk for organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Introduction: Osteopontin (OPN) has been implicated as a mediator of Th17 regulation via type I interferon (IFN) receptor signaling and in macrophage activity at sites of tissue repair. This study assessed whether increased circulating plasma OPN (cOPN) precedes development of organ damage in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE) and compared it to circulating plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (cNGAL), a predictor of increased SLE disease activity.

Methods: cOPN and cNGAL were measured in prospectively followed pSLE (n=42) and adult SLE (aSLE; n=23) patients and age-matched controls.