Tuberculosis Mortality in the United States: Epidemiology and Prevention Opportunities.

More information on risk factors for death from tuberculosis in the United States could help reduce the tuberculosis mortality rate, which has remained steady for more than a decade. To identify risk factors for tuberculosis-related death in adults. We performed a retrospective study of 1,304 adults with tuberculosis who died before treatment completion and 1,039 frequency-matched control subjects who completed tuberculosis treatment in 2005 to 2006 in 13 states reporting 65% of U.

A systematic synthesis of direct costs to treat and manage tuberculosis disease applied to California, 2015.

Background: The cost of treating and managing cases of active tuberculosis (TB) disease-from diagnosis to treatment completion-is needed by agencies working on public health budgets, resource allocation and cost-effectiveness analysis. Although components of TB costs have been published in the United States (US), no recent study has assessed overall costs for TB care and potential gaps. To systematically review the US literature for costs of treating and managing cases of active TB disease, adjust these costs to current (2015) values, and assess gaps.

Getting to Zero: Tuberculosis Elimination in California.

This review of tuberculosis epidemiology is intended to provide a historical perspective on the public health approach to tuberculosis (TB) control in California. This historical context offers a lens through which to view current epidemiologic trends and insight into how new therapeutic tools can be applied. Since 1993, the year detailed case reporting was instituted, California has had a decrease in recent TB transmission as evidenced by a reduction in pediatric cases and an increased percentage of cases attributable to progression of latent infection to TB disease in the foreign-born population.

Review of nucleic acid amplification tests and clinical prediction rules for diagnosis of tuberculosis in acute care facilities.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important cause of hospitalization and mortality in the United States. Prevention of TB transmission in acute care facilities relies on prompt identification and implementation of airborne isolation, rapid diagnosis, and treatment of presumptive pulmonary TB patients. In areas with low TB burden, this strategy may result in inefficient utilization of airborne infection isolation rooms (AIIRs).

Epidemiology of tuberculosis cases with end-stage renal disease, California, 2010.

Background/aims: Few studies have compared population-based tuberculosis (TB) incidence rates by end-stage renal disease (ESRD) status. No studies have compared TB genotypes by ESRD status to determine whether TB disease resulted from recent transmission or reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI). We calculated TB incidence rates and compared demographic and clinical characteristics and genotypes among TB cases by ESRD status.

Timely HIV diagnosis and HIV/TB comanagement among California patients in 2008.

Objective: National guidelines highlight the roles of early HIV diagnosis and effective comanagement for HIV and tuberculosis (TB) to prevent mortality and morbidity from HIV-related TB. We assessed HIV diagnosis timing and HIV/TB comanagement for California HIV/TB patients.

Methods: We reviewed and analyzed public health charts for California HIV/TB patients reported during 2008.

Antituberculosis drug resistance acquired during treatment: an analysis of cases reported in California, 1994-2006.

Background: To inform efforts to prevent antituberculosis drug resistance acquired during treatment, particularly multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis, we analyzed surveillance records from the US state with the highest morbidity.

Methods: Surveillance data from the California tuberculosis registry of cases reported between 1994 and 2006 were examined retrospectively. Crude risks of acquired resistance were estimated.

When tuberculosis comes back: who develops recurrent tuberculosis in california?

Background: Recurrent tuberculosis suggests potentially modifiable gaps in tuberculosis treatment and control activities. The frequency of late recurrences following treatment completion has not been well-studied. We determined the frequency of, and risk factors associated with, tuberculosis that recurs at least one year after completion of anti-tuberculosis therapy in California.

Matching AIDS and tuberculosis registry data to identify AIDS/tuberculosis comorbidity cases in California.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of a registry data linkage procedure used in the California AIDS and Tuberculosis (TB) Registry Data Linkage Study to identify AIDS/TB comorbidity cases in California. The California AIDS registry data from 1981 to 2006 were linked to the California TB registry data from 1996 to 2006 using LinkPlus, a probabilistic record linkage program developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and matched results were manually reviewed to determine true or false matches. We estimated the sensitivity of this procedure to range from 98.

Diagnostic challenges of central nervous system tuberculosis.

Central nervous system tuberculosis (TB) was identified in 20 cases of unexplained encephalitis referred to the California Encephalitis Project. Atypical features (encephalitic symptoms, rapid onset, age) and diagnostic challenges (insensitive cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] TB PCR result, elevated CSF glucose levels in patients with diabetes, negative result for tuberculin skin test) complicated diagnosis.

Assessing the validity of tuberculosis surveillance data in California.

Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) convened a workgroup to revise the tuberculosis (TB) case report in the United States of America (U.S.).

Cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis evaluation and treatment of newly-arrived immigrants.

Background: Immigrants to the U.S. are required to undergo overseas screening for tuberculosis (TB), but the value of evaluation and treatment following entry to the U.