The role of executive functioning in smoking cessation: A scoping review.

Issues: Creating and implementing a plan to successfully quit smoking likely requires executive function (EF) skills such as inhibition, cognitive flexibility, attention and working memory. This scoping review consolidates the research evidence evaluating the role of EF in smoking cessation.

Approach: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), researchers and a medical librarian searched PubMed, EMBASE, ERIC, CINAHL and PSYCINFO in June 2022, hand-search in September 2022 using relevant MeSH terms, and an updated search was completed in August 2024.

'I just don't want them to be my patient again': an exploratory mixed-methods study examining provider home safety concerns for adolescents with acquired brain injuries in the US Midwest.

Objective: Adolescents with acquired brain injuries are at risk for additional injuries after hospital discharge. We asked healthcare providers to identify and prioritise urgent hazards in the home setting for this population.

Methods: We used a convergent mixed methods approach.

Caregiver and student perspectives on school services for students with traumatic brain injury during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify unique challenges created by COVID-19 school closures for students with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their families with relation to special education accommodations, therapy services, social support systems, and mental health complications.

Methods: Forty-one caregivers and students participated in semi-structured, virtual interviews. Families had students in kindergarten through 12th grade who experienced a TBI prior to spring 2020 and were receiving support services at schools in Pennsylvania (US).

Fatigue, Fogginess, and Sleep Complaints: Presence and Impact on Functioning After Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the occurrence and impact of fatigue, fogginess, and sleep complaints on functioning at 3, 6, 10, and 16 months after childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Method: Eighty-eight caregivers completed online surveys regarding their children with TBI, with 17 participants included at the final time point. Measures included questions related to demographic and injury characteristics, executive functioning, social relations, health-related quality of life, and fatigue, fogginess, and sleep complaints.

Exploring the care coordination experiences of professionals and caregivers of youth with acquired brain injuries in rural areas.

Purpose: Acquired brain injuries (ABIs) can have devastating effects on children and their families. Families living in rural communities experience unique barriers to receiving and coordinating care for complex medical needs, but little research has examined those barriers for rural youth with ABIs.

Materials And Methods: This qualitative study explored the experiences of rural adults caring for children with ABIs through interviews with six caregivers, three school staff members, and three medical professionals who had treated at least one child with an ABI.

The Importance of Identifying Children With Brain Injury in Schools: Speech-Language Pathologists as Crucial Partners.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to describe the importance of and strategies to identify traumatic brain injury (TBI) and associated cognitive-communication disorders (CCDs) in children, a priority identified by the attendees at the Fourth International Cognitive-Communication Disorders Conference. Childhood TBI is associated with a range of difficulties, including CCDs, that can adversely impact functioning and participation into adulthood. Identifying a history of TBI in children in schools is the crucial first step to then monitor, assess, and provide evidence-based intervention and accommodations in collaboration with families and medical and educational professionals.

The Influence of the Family Functioning and Social Relationships on Child Participation After Traumatic Brain Injury.

Purpose: To describe the relationship amongst child and family characteristics (e.g. social relationships, family functioning) and child participation after traumatic brain injury (TBI) an average of 2.

Long-Term Outcomes of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Following Inpatient Rehabilitation.

Objective: Assess residual disability in youth with traumatic brain injury (TBI) treated in a pediatric inpatient rehabilitation unit and examine associations of disability with inpatient status and measures of concurrent functioning.

Setting: Large, urban, quaternary care children's hospital in the Midwestern United States.

Participants: Forty-five youth aged 6 to 18 years treated in an inpatient rehabilitation unit for mild-complicated to severe TBI at a minimum of 12 months postdischarge (mean = 3.

Neuromuscular adaptations of swallowing and speech in unilateral cerebral palsy: shared and distinctive traits.

Our aims were to ) examine the neuromuscular control of swallowing and speech in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP) compared with typically developing children (TDC), ) determine shared and separate neuromuscular underpinnings of the two functions, and ) explore the relationship between this control and behavioral outcomes in UCP. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to record muscle activity from the submental and superior and inferior orbicularis oris muscles during standardized swallowing and speech tasks. The variables examined were normalized mean amplitude, time to peak amplitude, and bilateral synchrony.

Cognitive, social, and health functioning of children with TBI engaged in a formal support program.

Background: Students with traumatic brain injury (TBI) often demonstrate difficulties that impact their successful return to school (RTS).

Objective: To explore injury severity, age at injury, and time since injury as predictors for performance on measures of cognitive, social and health functioning for students' participating in a formal RTS cohort at the time of their enrollment in the School Transition After Traumatic Brain Injury (STATBI) research project.

Methods: Outcome measures across cognitive, social, and health domains were analyzed for association with the explanatory variables of interest using quantile regressions and ordinary least squares regression, as appropriate.

Perspectives on care coordination for youth with TBI: Moving forward to provide better care.

Background: Care coordination aligns services and optimizes outcomes for children with traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet numerous obstacles can impede effective care coordination following a TBI.

Objective: The goal of this work is to identify barriers and facilitators to care coordination from the perspective of individuals who care for young people impacted by TBI (e.g.

Using Billing Codes to Create a Pediatric Functional Status e-Score for Children Receiving Inpatient Rehabilitation.

Objective: Provide proof-of-concept for development of a Pediatric Functional Status eScore (PFSeS). Demonstrate that expert clinicians rank billing codes as relevant to patient functional status and identify the domains that codes inform in a way that reliably matches analytical modeling.

Design: Retrospective chart review, modified Delphi, and nominal group techniques.

The Role of Speech-Language Pathologists in Expanding Delivery of Teen Online Problem Solving for Adolescents With Acquired Brain Injury: A Quality Improvement Project.

Purpose: Teen Online Problem Solving (TOPS) is an evidence-based teletherapy program designed to promote neurocognitive, behavioral, and psychosocial recovery following brain injury through family-centered training. To date, TOPS has been primarily administered by neuropsychologists and clinical psychologists. This clinical focus article discusses a quality improvement project to adapt the TOPS training and manual for use by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and reports feedback from SLPs following TOPS training and after delivering the program with adolescents who experienced neurological insults.

Doubly structured sparsity for grouped multivariate responses with application to functional outcome score modeling.

This work is motivated by the need to accurately model a vector of responses related to pediatric functional status using administrative health data from inpatient rehabilitation visits. The components of the responses have known and structured interrelationships. To make use of these relationships in modeling, we develop a two-pronged regularization approach to borrow information across the responses.

Predicting Outcomes 2 Months and 1 Year After Inpatient Rehabilitation for Youth With TBI Using Duration of Impaired Consciousness and Serial Cognitive Assessment.

Objective: To examine predictive utility of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), time to follow commands (TFC), length of posttraumatic amnesia (PTA), duration of impaired consciousness (TFC+PTA), and the Cognitive and Linguistic Scale (CALS) scores in predicting outcomes on the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended, Pediatric Revision (GOS-E Peds) for children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) at 2 months and 1 year after discharge from rehabilitation.

Setting: A large, urban pediatric medical center and inpatient rehabilitation program.

Participants: Sixty youth with moderate-to-severe TBI (mean age at injury = 13.

Education on the consequences of traumatic brain injury for children and adolescents with TBI and families/caregivers: a systematic scoping review.

Objective(s): To examine the breadth of education or training on the consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) for children and adolescents with TBI and their families/caregivers.

Methods: Systematic scoping review of literature published through July 2018 using eight databases and education, training, instruction, and pediatric search terms. Only studies including pediatric participants (age <18) with TBI or their families/caregivers were included.

An Exploratory Study on Disparities in Service Provision and Long-Term Need After Early Childhood Acquired Brain Injury.

Purpose: While health care and educational disparities are known to impact minoritized groups, few research studies have been conducted to examine disparities after childhood acquired brain injury (ABI). The purpose of this study was to explore child and injury factors (i.e.

Swallowing and Motor Speech Skills in Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: Novel Findings From a Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: Our purpose was to start examining clinical swallowing and motor speech skills of school-age children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP) compared to typically developing children (TDC), how these skills relate to each other, and whether they are predicted by clinical/demographic data (age, birth history, lesion type, etc.).

Method: Seventeen children with UCP and 17 TDC (7-12 years old) participated in this cross-sectional study.

The School-Based Speech-Language Pathologist and Students With Concussion: An Examination of Evolving Knowledge and Confidence.

Purpose: This study examines school-based speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') experience, knowledge, and confidence in supporting students as they return to the classroom following concussion, with a particular focus on knowledge of new management guidelines over the last decade.

Method: Participants were 74 school-based SLPs who completed an electronic survey about their knowledge and experiences serving students with concussion. We examined participants' accuracy and confidence across knowledge questions using Kruskal-Wallis tests.

VR-based cognitive rehabilitation for children with traumatic brain injuries: Feasibility and safety.

Purpose/objective: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of acquired disability in children, who are at risk of significant impairment in executive function (EF). Virtual reality technology provides a novel strategy to offer rich and immersive training content that is both appealing to children and of potential value in improving their daily functioning. The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of implementing an innovative VR-based interactive cognitive training (VICT) system for EF rehabilitation designed to meet the developmental and clinical needs of children with TBI.

Clinical Focus: Findings and Clinical Implications for Thickening Formula With Infant Cereal Using the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative Flow Test.

Purpose: The International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) framework was established to provide standardized terminology and objective measures to assess foods and liquids for persons with swallowing difficulties. This clinical focus article reports the findings and clinical implications of the flow testing of infant formulas thickened with infant cereal completed as part of the transition process to IDDSI for one large pediatric quaternary care hospital.

Method: To determine a common recipe that could be used to thicken formulas with infant cereal to the appropriate IDDSI levels, three clinicians completed flow testing on 94 infant formulas.

Factors that Influence Follow-Up Care for Families of Children with Acquired Brain Injury: A Scoping Review.

Purpose: To describe factors that contribute to medical/rehabilitation service access following pediatric acquired brain injury (ABI) and identify gaps in the literature to guide future research.

Materials & Methods: The PRISMA framework for scoping reviews guided this process. Peer-reviewed journal databases were searched for articles published between 1/2008 and 12/2020, identifying 400 unique articles.

A randomized crossover single-case series comparing blocked versus random treatment for anomia.

The motor learning literature has demonstrated that blocked practice facilitates better acquisition of motor skills, whereas random practice facilitates retention and transfer. The verbal learning and memory literature offers similar evidence. The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of blocked versus random practice in treatment for anomia.

Gaps in concussion management across school-aged children.

Objective: Examine how demographic and injury factors impact identification and management of concussion in students.

Methods: Prospective observational cohort. Pre-K - 12th grade students within a large, urban school district reported to school with concussion during 2015-2019.

Care Coordination for Children with Special Health Care Needs: A Scoping Review to Inform Strategies for Students with Traumatic Brain Injuries.

Background: Chronic and complex medical issues, including traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), have significant educational implications. The purpose of this study was to identify and summarize the literature on care coordination strategies among health care professionals, educators, and caregivers for children with special health care needs (CSHCN). Clarifying factors that influence care coordination for CSHCN can inform future studies on care coordination for students with TBI.