The Double Consciousness Body Image Scale: A body image assessment centering the experiences of Black women.

Objective: Body image among Black women is poorly understood; emerging research suggests that Black women experience pressures to adhere to a body type not currently captured in commonly used body image measures. This study assessed the psychometric properties and validity of the Double Consciousness Body Image Scale (DCBIS), a new culturally relevant body image assessment for Black women.

Method: Black women living in the United States (n = 198; 73.

The nature of night eating syndrome: Using network analysis to understand unique symptomological relationships.

Objectives: Despite the initial characterization of night eating syndrome (NES) in 1955, the definition and operationalization of its symptoms has varied considerably. To standardize the definition of NES and its symptoms, Allison et al. developed research diagnostic criteria.

Randomized controlled trial of REbeL: A peer education program to promote positive body image, healthy eating behavior, and empowerment in teens.

Short-term outcomes associated with participation in REbeL, a peer-led dissonance-based eating disorder prevention program for high school students, were evaluated. Seventy-one students across the three high schools were enrolled in the study (REbeL N = 48; Control N = 23) and were assessed on measures of eating attitudes and behaviors, body image, weight bias, self-esteem, empowerment, and mood at the beginning of the school year; 37 REbeL students and 20 control students completed assessments at the end of the school year. Mixed effects GLM compared groups on outcomes at the end of the academic year.

A Systematic Review of Bright Light Therapy for Eating Disorders.

Objective: Bright light therapy is a noninvasive biological intervention for disorders with nonnormative circadian features. Eating disorders, particularly those with binge-eating and night-eating features, have documented nonnormative circadian eating and mood patterns, suggesting that bright light therapy may be an efficacious stand-alone or adjunctive intervention. The purpose of this systematic literature review, using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, was (1) to evaluate the state of the empirical treatment outcome literature on bright light therapy for eating disorders and (2) to explore the timing of eating behavior, mood, and sleep-related symptom change so as to understand potential mechanisms of bright light therapy action in the context of eating disorder treatment.

Albert J. Stunkard: His Research on Obesity and Its Psychological Impact.

Albert J. ("Mickey") Stunkard, MD, was a leader in the field of obesity research, with his work spanning more than five decades. He published several groundbreaking findings on the psychosocial influences of obesity, the genetics of obesity, and the relationship between obesity and factors such as socioeconomic status, stigma, and mood.

Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of the Quality of Life of Individuals With Eating Disorders.

Objective: To examine the quality of a broad range of life domains using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies.

Method: Forty-eight individuals seeking inpatient treatment for an eating disorder (mean age = 29.8 years, female = 100%, white = 96.

Comparison of obese adults with poor versus good sleep quality during a functional neuroimaging delay discounting task: A pilot study.

This study aimed to determine if obese adults with poor versus good sleep quality demonstrate reduced self-regulatory capacity and different patterns of neural activation when making impulsive monetary choices. Six obese, good quality sleepers (M age=44.7 years, M BMI=38.

Bright light therapy for the treatment of night eating syndrome: A pilot study.

The effect of bright light therapy (BLT) on the symptoms of night eating syndrome was evaluated. Fifteen adults completed two weeks of daily 10,000 lux BLT administered in the morning. Significant reductions were found pre-to-post treatment in night eating symptomatology, mood disturbance, and sleep disturbance.

Perceptions of factors associated with weight management in obese adults with schizophrenia.

Objective: Individuals with serious mental illnesses are at increased risk of obesity, although the behavioral factors contributing to excess weight are not well understood. We report on the eating behavior, physical activity, and body image of obese adults with and without schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Methods: Twenty-two obese adults diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were compared to demographically matched obese adults without psychiatric diagnoses on their responses to a comprehensive assessment of several psychosocial and behavioral domains relevant to obesity and weight management.

Night eating behavior and metabolic heath in mothers and fathers enrolled in the QUALITY cohort study.

Background: Desynchrony between eating and sleeping patterns and poor sleep quality have been associated with obesity and metabolic abnormalities. This study examined the metabolic health correlates of night eating syndrome in adults enrolled in the QUALITY cohort study.

Methods: Night eating symptoms were assessed in 310 women (mean age = 40.

Nutritional Aspects of Late Eating and Night Eating.

The timing of food intake has been investigated as a novel factor in the etiology, maintenance, and treatment of obesity. Indeed, consuming a large proportion of food later in the day and into the night has been associated with higher body weight and may even impair weight loss. The diet quality of late-eaters may be a factor involved in these relationships.

Using the Neuroscience of Obesity, Eating Behavior, and Sleep to Inform the Neural Mechanisms of Night Eating Syndrome.

The development and maintenance of night eating syndrome (NES) is likely influenced by physiological, psychological, and social factors. Within the physiological domain, neural mechanisms (e.g.

Validation of screening questions and symptom coherence of night eating in the Swedish Twin Registry.

Background: Screening criteria have been used to estimate the prevalence of night eating syndrome (NES), but no validation studies have been conducted.

Method: We examined the validity of two screening questions for NES using a structured interview with adults enrolled in the Swedish Twin Study of Adults: Genes and Environment (STAGE) study. We also examined the coherence of the proposed diagnostic criteria for NES.

Evening hyperphagia and food motivation: a preliminary study of neural mechanisms.

Evening hyperphagia (EH; consumption of ≥25% of total daily calories after the evening meal) is a circadian delay in the pattern of daily food intake and is a core criterion of night eating syndrome (Allison et al., 2010). This preliminary study examined the brain response to food cues using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in seven obese adults with EH compared to seven obese adults without EH.

Daily physical activity patterns of children with delayed eating behaviors.

Night eating syndrome (NES) is a delayed pattern of energy intake. It is unknown if symptoms associated with this syndrome are accompanied by a delayed pattern of physical activity. This study examines the relationship between physical activity patterns and delayed eating behaviors in children.

Childhood obesity: survey of physician assessment and treatment practices.

Background: This study examined physician experience with the 2007 Expert Committee Recommendations (ECR) on the Assessment, Prevention and Treatment of Child and Adolescent Overweight and Obesity.

Methods: Pediatricians and family physicians (n = 194) practicing in the Midwest completed a survey designed to assess knowledge of, adherence to, and self-efficacy in implementing the 2007 Expert Committee recommendations.

Results: The majority of physicians (71%) were aware of the ECR and adhered to approximately 60% of the recommendations.

Lifetime medical and psychiatric comorbidity of night eating behavior in the Swedish Twin Study of Adults: Genes and Environment (STAGE).

The medical and psychosocial comorbidity of two core features of night eating syndrome (NES), evening hyperphagia (EH) and nocturnal awakening and ingestion of food (NI), was evaluated in adults enrolled in the Swedish Twin Study of Adults: Genes and Environment (STAGE) study. As part of the STAGE study, more than 20,000 participants completed assessments of their physical and mental health, which included two night eating screening questions designed to assess EH and NI. STAGE participants who completed a night eating validation interview to confirm the presence or absence of night eating and who had comorbidity data available (n=463) were compared on the lifetime prevalence of several psychiatric and medical conditions.

Validity of the night eating questionnaire in children.

Objective: To measure the construct validity of the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) in children against a parent report of child night eating syndrome (NES) symptoms (NEQ report) and a 3-day dietary recall.

Method: NEQ of 304 children from the QUALITY (QUébec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth) cohort were compared to a parent report and 3-day dietary recall.

Results: Child NEQ scores were related to the parent NEQ report (ρ = 0.

Prevalence and familial patterns of night eating in the Québec adipose and lifestyle investigation in youth (QUALITY) study.

The prevalence and familial patterns of night eating syndrome (NES) in families enrolled in the Québec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth (QUALITY) study was examined. Families (n = 395; one child, mother, and father for whom at least one parent was obese or had abdominal obesity) completed the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) as part of a longitudinal study on the development of metabolic disease in children at risk for obesity. Responses on the NEQ were used to establish a diagnosis of NES and to determine the correlation and heritability of NES symptoms in families.

Self-report and startle-based measures of emotional reactions to body image cues as predictors of Drive for Thinness and Body Dissatisfaction in female college students.

The purpose was to compare self-report and psychophysiological assessment techniques in the measurement of emotional response to body image cues. Female college students (n=53; % Caucasian=53.6; M body mass index=26.

Changes in brain activation to food pictures after adjustable gastric banding.

Background: Adjustable gastric banding is an effective weight-loss treatment, but little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying weight loss. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether gastric banding affects brain function in regions previously implicated in food motivation, reward, and cognitive control. The setting for the study was the University of Missouri-Kansas City, Department of Psychology; Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center; and private practice in the United States.

Night eating patterns of individuals with eating disorders: implications for conceptualizing the night eating syndrome.

The prevalence, correlates, and symptom coherence of night eating syndrome (NES) in individuals seeking inpatient treatment for eating disorders were assessed. Inpatients (n=68; M age=29.8 years; % female=94.

The relationship of night eating to oral health and obesity in community dental clinic patients.

Using a sample of dental clinic patients, this study examined the relationship between night eating and oral health and obesity. For this study, 174 individuals attending an academic faculty dental practice completed the Night Eating Questionnaire and provided information about their tobacco use, medical conditions, height, and weight. Oral health data from the previous three years were obtained from their dental records by a licensed dentist.

Nocturnal eating predicts tooth loss among adults: results from the Danish MONICA study.

The relationship between nocturnal eating, such as that associated with night eating syndrome (NES), and oral health is unknown. This study sought to determine if nocturnal eating is related to tooth loss in a large, epidemiologic sample. Danes (N=2217; age range 30-60 years, M BMI [kg/m(2)]=25.

Cognitive behavior therapy for night eating syndrome: a pilot study.

Because no studies of psychotherapy treatments for night eating syndrome (NES) have been published, we conducted a pilot study of a 10-session cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for NES. Twenty-five patients (19 female, 6 male) were screened and comprehensively assessed before being enrolled. At each visit, patients completed the Night Eating Symptom Scale (NESS), were weighed, and number of awakenings and the number of nocturnal ingestions and daily caloric intake were calculated from weekly food and sleep records.