From Ridge 2 Reef: An interdisciplinary model for training the next generation of environmental problem solvers.

Regional and global environmental challenges have become increasingly complex and require broader solutions than a single discipline can provide. Although there is a growing need for interdisciplinary research, many graduate education programs still train students within the confines of a particular discipline or specialty. The Ridge 2 Reef research traineeship program at the University of California, Irvine, aimed to provide transferable and interdisciplinary skill training to prepare graduate students from different disciplines to address current and future environmental challenges.

Vocal Fold Injury Produces Similar Biomechanical Outcomes in Male and Female Rabbits.

Objective: Sex differences in response to trauma and physiologic stressors have been identified in numerous organ systems but have not yet been defined in the larynx. The objective of this study was to develop an endoscopic vocal fold injury model in rabbits and to compare structural and functional outcomes between male and female subjects.

Study Design: Basic science study.

Denial.

A 51-year-old man presented with decreased vision, fever, confusion, headaches, agitation, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated bilateral T2 hyperintense lesions in the region of the mesial temporal lobe and optic radiations. There was a predominantly polymorphonuclear leukocyte pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with hyperproteinorachia.

Cell-Based Outer Vocal Fold Replacement Both Treats and Prevents Vocal Fold Scarring in Rabbits.

Objective: Numerous pharmacological and cell-based treatments have shown promise in preventing vocal fold (VF) scarring when applied at the time of injury. A common clinical scenario, however, is the finding of mature scar impeding voicing. Many treatments are less effective in remodeling existing scar tissue.

Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in COVID-19 and influenza vaccination in pediatric food allergy.

Background: Current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza vaccination-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors remain poorly understood among U.S. children with food allergy, and, particularly, those from non-Hispanic Black, Latinx, and lower-income backgrounds who bear a disproportionate burden by allergic disease.

Tissue-engineered vocal fold replacement in swine: Methods for functional and structural analysis.

We have developed a cell-based outer vocal fold replacement (COVR) as a potential therapy to improve voice quality after vocal fold (VF) injury, radiation, or tumor resection. The COVR consists of multipotent human adipose-derived stem cells (hASC) embedded within a three-dimensional fibrin scaffold that resembles vocal fold epithelium and lamina propria layers. Previous work has shown improved wound healing in rabbit studies.

A xenograft study of human adipose stromal cell-based vocal fold mucosal replacement in rabbits.

Objectives: Vocal fold (VF) scarring, manifested by increased collagen, decreased glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and disrupted elastic fibers, remains a negative consequence of VF injury or resection. The objective of this study is to compare four reconstructive options after Vf mucosal resection in rabbits. A Cell-Based Outer Vocal fold Replacement (COVR) using human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hASCs) in fibrin scaffold is directly compared with a decellularized scaffold implant, hASC injection, and resection alone without reconstruction.

An 8-year record of phytoplankton productivity and nutrient distributions from surface waters of Saanich Inlet.

Phytoplankton are the base of nearly all marine food webs and mediate the interactions of biotic and abiotic components in marine systems. Understanding the spatial and temporal changes in phytoplankton growth requires comprehensive biological, physical, and chemical information. Long-term datasets are an invaluable tool to study these changes, but they are rare and often include only a small set of measurements.

Perioperative leaders' experience of COVID-19 in Aotearoa: a qualitative interview study.

Aims: Once it became apparent that COVID-19 would reach Aotearoa New Zealand, perioperative services responded urgently to contain viral spread, keep staff safe and maintain patient care. We aimed to understand how perioperative leaders around the country responded to the pandemic, their experiences, reflections and the lessons learnt. Our goal is to inform future pandemic responses.

Intractable Hiccups Caused by Diaphragmatic Eventration.

Intractable hiccups are a rare yet debilitating pathology with a broad differential and often indicate a more serious underlying pathology, which can range from neoplasms to structural abnormalities. In this case report, we present a 64-year-old male with seven months of intractable hiccups determined to be caused by eventration of the right hemidiaphragm. The patient was treated with baclofen to treat the hiccups pharmacologically.

Objective Assessment of Porcine Voice Acoustics for Laryngeal Surgical Modeling.

Pigs have become important animal models in voice research. Several objective parameters exist to characterize the pig voice, but it is not clear which of them are sensitive to the impaired voice quality after laryngeal injury or surgery. In order to conduct meaningful voice research in pigs, it is critical to have standard functional voice outcome measures that can distinguish between normal and impaired voices.

Ectopic Laryngeal Ossification after Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2.

We report two cases of ectopic bone formation in the head and neck following treatment with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). Surgical pathologic data, laryngoscopy imaging, CT imaging, and patient medical history were obtained. First, we report osseous metaplasia in the vocal fold in a 67-year-old male following mandibular dental implants with rhBMP-2; second, a case of severe bony overgrowth of the larynx and fusion to the anterior cervical spine (ACS) in a 73-year-old male following multiple anterior cervical discectomies and fusions with rhBMP-2.

Is it best to add native shrubs to a coastal sage scrub restoration project as seeds or as seedlings?

Ecological restoration frequently involves the addition of native plants, but the effectiveness (in terms of plant growth, plant survival, and cost) of using seeds versus container plants has not been studied in many plant communities. It is also not known if plant success would vary by species or based on functional traits. To answer these questions, we added several shrub species to a coastal sage scrub restoration site as seeds or as seedlings in a randomized block design.

Latent Safety Threats and Countermeasures in the Operating Theater: A National In Situ Simulation-Based Observational Study.

Introduction: In situ simulation provides a valuable opportunity to identify latent safety threats (LSTs) in real clinical environments. Using a national simulation program, we explored latent safety threats (LSTs) identified during in situ multidisciplinary simulation-based training in operating theaters in hospitals across New Zealand.

Method: Surgical simulations lasting between 15 and 45 minutes each were run as part of a team training course delivered in 21 hospitals in New Zealand.

The effects of organic grass and grass-birdsfoot trefoil pastures on Jersey heifer development: Herbage characteristics affecting intake.

Low dietary energy and decreased intake of herbage have been attributed to the reduced performance of grazing dairy cattle. We hypothesized that grasses with inherently greater energy would interact in a complementary way with condensed tannins (CT) in birdsfoot trefoil to increase herbage intake by grazing dairy heifers. Eight pasture treatments comprising high-sugar perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.

Stem cell treatments for oropharyngeal dysphagia: Rationale, benefits, and challenges.

Dysphagia, defined as difficulty swallowing, is a common symptom negatively impacting millions of adults annually. Estimated prevalence ranges from 14 to 33 percent in those over age 65 to over 70 percent in a nursing home setting. The elderly, those with neurodegenerative diseases, head and neck cancer patients, and those with autoimmune conditions such as Sjögren's syndrome are disproportionately affected.

The flip side of speaking up: a new model to facilitate positive responses to speaking up in the operating theatre.

Background: Speaking up is important for patient safety, but only if the concern raised is acknowledged and responded to appropriately. While the power to change the course of events rests with those in charge, research has focussed on supporting those in subordinate positions to speak up. We propose responsibility also rests with senior clinical staff to respond appropriately.

Heterogeneous Presentations of Pharyngoesophageal Diverticula Occurring after Cervical Spine Surgery.

Dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery (ACSS) may be secondary to pharyngoesophageal diverticulum. Our objectives are to (1) highlight the heterogeneity in clinical presentation, (2) discuss pathophysiology and management, and (3) present a comprehensive literature review of these diverticula. All patients undergoing pharyngoesophageal diverticulum repair between 2013 and 2019 were identified.

Decontamination Methods for Reuse of Filtering Facepiece Respirators.

Importance: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has proven to be highly infectious, putting health care professionals around the world at increased risk. Furthermore, there are widespread shortages of necessary personal protective equipment (PPE) for these individuals. Filtering facepiece respirators, such as the N95 respirator, intended for single use, can be reused in times of need.

Anosmia in COVID-19: Mechanisms and Significance.

The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 remains a challenge for prevention due to asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic patients. Anecdotal and preliminary evidence from multiple institutions shows that these patients present with a sudden onset of anosmia without rhinitis. We aim to review the pathophysiology of anosmia related to viral upper respiratory infections and the prognostic implications.

Sustaining multidisciplinary team training in New Zealand hospitals: a qualitative study of a national simulation-based initiative.

Aim: Healthcare is delivered by teams, but the training of healthcare staff is commonly undertaken in professional silos. This study investigated local perspectives on the sustainability of NetworkZ, a New Zealand national simulation-based multi-disciplinary operating room team training programme.

Method: Local course instructors and managers were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews.

Time for a Paradigm Shift in Head and Neck Cancer Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused physicians and surgeons to consider restructuring traditional cancer management paradigms. We aim to review the current evidence regarding the diagnosis and management of head and neck cancer, with an emphasis on the role of the multidisciplinary team (MDT) during a pandemic.

Data Sources: COVID-19 resources from PubMed, Google Scholar, the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and the American Head and Neck Society were examined.

3D Particle Tracking for Noninvasive In Vivo Analysis of Synaptic Microtubule Dynamics in Dendrites and Neuromuscular Junctions of Drosophila.

Microtubules (MTs) play critical roles in neuronal development, but many questions remain about the molecular mechanisms of their regulation and function. Furthermore, despite progress in understanding postsynaptic MTs, much less is known about the contributions of presynaptic MTs to neuronal morphogenesis. In particular, studies of in vivo MT dynamics in Drosophila sensory dendrites yielded significant insights into polymer-level behavior.