Diagnosis and pharmacological management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults with and without intellectual disability: cohort study using electronic health records.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasingly diagnosed in adults. People with intellectual disability have higher rates of ADHD yet there is little evidence on the presentation and pharmacological treatment of ADHD in this population or how this differs from the general population.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study using data from electronic health records.

Refinement of a Meaning-Centered Counseling Program for Chinese Patients with Advanced Cancer: Integrating Cultural Adaptation and Implementation Science Approaches.

Background: This mixed methods study identified needed refinements to a telehealth-delivered cultural and linguistic adaptation of Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy for Chinese patients with advanced cancer (MCP-Ch) to enhance acceptability, comprehensibility, and implementation of the intervention in usual care settings, guided by the Ecological Validity Model (EVM) and the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM).

Methods: 15 purposively sampled mental health professionals who work with Chinese cancer patients completed surveys providing Likert-scale ratings on acceptability and comprehensibility of MCP-Ch content (guided by the EVM) and pre-implementation factors (guided by PRISM), followed by semi-structured interviews. Survey data were descriptively summarized and linked to qualitative interview data.

An Innovative Approach to Promote Weight Loss Among Mexican Immigrants: A Pilot Study.

Mexican Americans are among the highest risk groups for obesity and its associated health consequences, including diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. 154 overweight/obese Mexican Americans recruited from the Mexican Consulate in New York City were enrolled in COMIDA (Consumo de Opciones Más Ideales De Alimentos) (Eating More Ideal Food Options), a 12-week Spanish-language lifestyle intervention that included a dietary counseling session, weight-loss resources, and thrice-weekly text messages. Participants' weight (primary outcome); dietary intake, physical activity, and nutrition knowledge (secondary outcomes) were assessed pre- and post-intervention.

Using a Clinical Triggers System to Improve Early Recognition of Clinical Changes.

Purpose: A medical-surgical telemetry unit implemented a clinical triggers system for early recognition of clinical deterioration and bedside management between nurses and providers. The goal was to decrease cardiopulmonary arrest events.

Description Of The Project: A clinical triggers system was developed to help nurses to identify clinical markers early and advocate for prompt bedside assessment and interventions.

The Association of Untreated Mental Health Problems with Alcohol and Tobacco use Among New York City Taxi Drivers.

Objectives: Mental disorders and substance use disorders are highly comorbid. The "self-medication hypothesis" posits that individuals may use substances such as tobacco and alcohol to cope with symptoms associated with untreated mental health problems. The present study examined the association between having a currently untreated mental health condition and tobacco and alcohol use among male taxi drivers in NYC, a population at risk for poor mental and physical health outcomes.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of psychosocial interventions for immigrant and limited English proficient cancer patients.

Objective: Immigrants, particularly those who are less acculturated and limited English proficient (LEP), often lack access to culturally and linguistically appropriate psychosocial care in cancer survivorship. We sought to determine what psychosocial interventions are available for immigrant and/or LEP cancer patients and to assess treatment and patient factors that may correlate with better psychosocial outcomes for this population.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published through August 2022 of interventions conducted with immigrant and/or LEP cancer patients aimed at improving psychosocial outcomes (i.

Food insecurity among New York City taxi and for-hire vehicle drivers.

Background: New York City's (NYC's) taxi/for-hire vehicle (FHV) drivers have occupational and demographic characteristics associated with food insecurity (low income, comorbidities, minority race/ethnicity).

Objective: To analyze food insecurity rates in a sample of NYC drivers and to identify associated factors.

Methods: At health fairs, we recruited a cross-sectional sample of licensed taxi/FHV drivers willing to receive study text messages.

Social determinants and health-related quality of life in a sample of diverse, low socioeconomic status cancer patients.

Objectives: In the United States, medically underserved populations, such as ethnoracially underrepresented groups, the limited English proficient (LEP), and the unemployed, may be vulnerable to poor functioning in cancer survivorship. The present study examined whether race/ethnicity, LEP status, and unemployment status were associated with poor health-related quality of life (HRQL) in four domains (physical, social, emotional, and functional well-being (FWB)) in a diverse, low socioeconomic status (SES) sample of cancer patients.

Methods: The sample included 1592 ethnoracially diverse, low SES, primarily foreign-born adult oncology patients participating in an enhanced patient navigation program in 11 New York City hospital-based cancer clinics.

A Pilot Group-Based Lifestyle Intervention to Promote Weight Loss Among Mexican Immigrants.

Mexican Americans are at increased risk for obesity upon immigration to the U.S., increasing their risk for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.

Sleep behavior of New York City taxi drivers compared to the general US population.

Introduction: Taxi drivers are a low income population with long work hours, a high-stress sedentary occupation, and varied work shifts, augmenting their risk for sleep disorders. We evaluated sleep quality among New York City (NYC) taxi drivers, a predominantly immigrant/minority population, for associations with sleep outcomes and examined intervention development and policy implications.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at driver-frequented locations with 211 consenting NYC taxi drivers and included the 12-item Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale-10.

Food to Overcome Outcomes Disparities: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Food Insecurity Interventions to Improve Cancer Outcomes.

Purpose: Food insecurity is prevalent among low-income immigrant and minority patients with cancer. To our knowledge, this randomized controlled trial is the first to prospectively examine the impact on cancer outcomes of food insecurity interventions, with the goal of informing evidence-based interventions to address food insecurity in patients with cancer.

Methods: A three-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted among food-insecure (18-item US Department of Agriculture Household Food Security Survey Module score ≥ 3) patients with cancer (N = 117) at four New York City safety net cancer clinics.

Chinese Livery Drivers' Perspectives on Adapting a Community Health Worker Intervention to Facilitate Lung Cancer Screening.

Chinese immigrant livery drivers with a smoking history are at high risk for lung cancer. A culturally adapted community health worker (CHW) program may be an effective approach to increase lung cancer screening (LCS) uptake in this underserved group. Five focus groups were conducted with 39 Chinese immigrant male livery drivers with a smoking history in New York City to assess their needs, priorities, and preferences regarding the proposed intervention.

Developing a Culturally Responsive Lifestyle Intervention for Overweight/Obese U.S. Mexicans.

Introduction: Hispanics are the largest minority group in the United States, constituting 18 % of the population. Mexicans are the largest Hispanic subgroup and are at disproportionate risk for overweight/obesity. Lifestyle interventions targeting dietary change and physical activity have resulted in significant weight loss in several large randomized clinical trials in the general population, but few studies have tailored interventions to Mexican Americans.

The association between housing and food insecurity among medically underserved cancer patients.

Purpose: To assess the prevalence of socioeconomic needs and associations between housing characteristics and food insecurity among low-income cancer patients, among whom housing and food insecurity are particularly prevalent.

Methods: Low-income cancer patients in active treatment (N = 1618) were enrolled in a comprehensive patient navigation program. Food insecurity was assessed using the 18-item US Department of Agriculture US Household Food Security Survey Module.

Use of implementation science in tobacco control intervention studies in the USA between 2000 and 2020: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Despite continuing efforts to reduce tobacco use in the USA, decline in smoking rates have stalled and smoking remains a major contributor to preventable death. Implementation science could potentially improve uptake and impact of evidence-based tobacco control interventions; however, no previous studies have systematically examined how implementation science has been used in this field. Our scoping review will describe the use of implementation science in tobacco control in the USA, identify relevant gaps in research and suggest future directions for implementation science application to tobacco control.

A Case Study in Academic-Community Partnerships: A Community-Based Nutrition Education Program for Mexican Immigrants.

Hispanics are the largest U.S. immigrant group and Mexican Americans are the largest U.

Primary Care Providers' Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Practice Related to Lung Cancer Screening in Five High-Risk Communities in New York City.

Racial/ethnic minorities face stark inequalities in lung cancer incidence, treatment, survival, and mortality compared with US born non-Hispanic Whites. Lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is effective at reducing lung cancer mortality in high-risk current and former smokers and is recommended by the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). This study sought to assess primary care providers' (PCPs') knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practice related to LCS and the recent USPSTF guidelines in five high-risk immigrant communities in New York City.

Predictors of Health Insurance, Life Insurance, and Retirement Savings Among NYC's Immigrant Taxi and For-Hire Vehicle Drivers.

Taxi and for-hire vehicle (FHV) drivers are a predominantly immigrant population facing a range of occupational stressors, including lack of workplace benefits and increasing financial strain from tumultuous industry changes and now COVID-19's devastating impact. Bilingual research staff surveyed 422 New York City taxi/FHV drivers using a stratified sampling approach in driver-frequented locations to examine drivers' health and financial planning behaviors for the first time. Drivers lacked health insurance at double the NYC rate (20% vs.

Use of Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine Concurrently with Conventional Cancer Treatment Among Chinese Cancer Patients.

In the U.S. and Canada, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) use has become increasingly common; Chinese immigrants have particularly high rates of TCM use.

Food Insecurity among Cancer Patients Enrolled in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Food insecurity, which leads to adverse health outcomes, has even more severe implications for cancer patients. Yet medically underserved cancer patients are more likely to be food insecure than the general population. This study is a cross-sectional analysis of intake data from patients who participated in the Integrated Cancer Care Access Network (ICCAN).

The Genetic Links to Anxiety and Depression (GLAD) Study: Online recruitment into the largest recontactable study of depression and anxiety.

Background: Anxiety and depression are common, debilitating and costly. These disorders are influenced by multiple risk factors, from genes to psychological vulnerabilities and environmental stressors, but research is hampered by a lack of sufficiently large comprehensive studies. We are recruiting 40,000 individuals with lifetime depression or anxiety and broad assessment of risks to facilitate future research.

Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine Use With Adherence to Prescribed Western Rheumatic Medications Among Chinese American Patients: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Objective: Chinese Americans are a fast-growing immigrant group with worse rheumatic disease outcomes compared to white populations and frequently use traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Whether TCM use is associated with lower adherence to Western rheumatic medications is unknown. The present study was undertaken to examine adherence to Western medications for systemic rheumatic diseases in the Chinese American immigrant population and its association with TCM use.

Colorectal Cancer Screening and Access to Healthcare in New York City Taxi Drivers.

This study examined differences in colorectal cancer screening across sociodemographic, migration, occupational, and health-related factors in a sample of male taxi drivers. Male drivers eligible for colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) (≥ 50 years old) were recruited in 55 community-based health fairs conducted during November 2015 to February 2017 in 16 taxi garages or community locations located in Queens, Brooklyn, Manhattan and Bronx. Participants completed a survey that included sociodemographic, migration, occupational, health-related, and cancer screening practices.