Grazing and food addiction: Associations between varied patterns of overconsumption and addictive-like eating.

Background: Food addiction (FA) research has primarily concentrated on binge eating as a symptom of this condition. However, FA may encompass various overeating behaviours, including compulsive grazing - the repetitive consumption of small amounts of food with loss of control. This study extends our previous research by including a clinical sample to investigate whether compulsive grazing exists in a population with higher prevalence and severity of FA.

Overweight and obesity code (E66) trends and predictors in Canada: Cross-sectional analysis of Discharge Abstract Data (DAD), 2018-2022.

Introduction: Since the adoption of billing codes for obesity, few studies have examined their use in administrative healthcare data. Of those that have, analyses have been limited to examinations of coding validity and trends among persons diagnosed with obesity (ICD-10, E66 code). This study aimed to explore the prevalence and predictors in E66 use across Canada two years prior to, and after the onset of Covid-19.

Effect of Short Bouts of Vigorous Stair Climbing on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Women with Overweight and Obesity: A Pilot Feasibility Study.

Background: We examined the effect of 4 weeks of a brief vigorous stair climbing exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body composition in women with overweight or obesity.

Methods: Twenty-six participants (age, 25.4±4.

Changes in the prevalence of U.S. adults using diet, exercise, pharmaceuticals and diet products for weight loss over time: Analysis of NHANES 1999-2018.

To examine changes in the use of diet, exercise, and pharmacological/diet product weight loss (WL) practices over time, and differences in these trends by sex and obesity status, data from the National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES Continuous 1999-2018) was used. The prevalence of diet, exercise and use of WL drugs and products over time were examined in men and women with and without obesity in a series of cross-sectional nationally representative samples (n = 43,020). Women and those with obesity were more likely to engage in WL practices over the past year, with an increased prevalence of WL efforts over time (38.

Is anyone truly healthy? Trends in health risk factors prevalence and changes in their associations with all-cause mortality.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine trends in the prevalence of individual health risk factors across time and to examine if their associations with mortality have changed over time.

Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES III- 1988-1994 and NHANES 1999-2014; age ≥20 years) was used to examine differences in the odds ratio (OR) of 5-year mortality risk associated with various common health risk factors over the two survey periods using weighted logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, sex, obesity category and white ethnicity (n = 28,279).

Results: Over 97% of individuals had at least one of the 19 risk factors examined with no difference in the prevalence over time (P>0.

Association between weight-loss history and weight loss achieved in clinical obesity management: Retrospective chart review.

Objective: Weight history and its association with the weight loss achieved in a publicly funded clinical obesity management program were examined in 9348 patients.

Methods: Weight history (frequency and magnitude of weight losses) was collected through questionnaires at enrollment, and weight change was assessed with retrospective electronic medical chart review.

Results: The majority of patients reported developing overweight prior to the age of 40 years and having lost at least 4.

Anthropometric Equations to Predict Visceral Adipose Tissue in European and American Youth.

Objective: To investigate whether prediction equations including a limited but selected number of anthropometrics that consider differences in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue may improve prediction of the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in youth.

Study Design: Anthropometrics and abdominal adipose tissue by MRI were available in 7-18 years old youth with overweight or obesity: 181 White Europeans and 186 White and Black Americans. Multivariable regressions were performed to develop and validate the VAT anthropometric predictive equations in a cross-sectional study.

The association of objectively and subjectively measured physical activity and sedentary time with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in adults: a cross-sectional study in Framingham Heart Study cohorts.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether using both objectively (accelerometer) and subjectively (questionnaire) measured moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (SED) improves the prediction of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (pre/T2D) using data from the Framingham Heart Study ( = 4200). Logistic regression was used to examine the odds ratio of pre/T2D in groups cross-classified by subjective and objective MVPA and SED. Less than half of participants fell into concordant categories of MVPA and SED using subjective and objective measures, with 7.

Associations between weight discrimination and metabolic health: A cross sectional analysis of middle aged adults.

Background: Concurrent with the recent rise in overweight and obesity, concerns with weight discrimination have arisen. Individuals who have experienced weight discrimination report a host of deteriorations related to physical and psychological health, which may co-exist with behaviours such as increased food consumption and decreases in physical activity that make weight management difficult. What remains less clear, however, is the extent to which metabolic health may be specifically affected, and how this may vary by setting and perceived intensity of the lifetime history of weight discrimination.

Predictors of Weight Loss and Weight Gain in Weight Management Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: To examine the associations between patient struggles, health, and weight management changes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: 585 patients attending a publicly funded clinical weight management program responded to an electronic survey.

Results: Over half of the patients reported worsened overall health, mental health, physical activity, or diet during the pandemic.

The Associations between Blood and Urinary Concentrations of Metal Metabolites, Obesity, Hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes, and Dyslipidemia among US Adults: NHANES 1999-2016.

Background: Heavy metals are well known to be associated with cancer outcomes, but its association with obesity and cardiometabolic risk outcomes requires further study.

Methods: Adult data from the National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES Continuous 1999-2016,  = 12,636 to 32,012) with data for blood or urinary metals concentrations and body mass index were used. The study aim was twofold: (1) to determine the association between heavy metals and obesity and (2) to examine the influence of heavy metals on the relationship between obesity and hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia.

Sequential diets and weight loss: Including a low-carbohydrate high-fat diet with and without time-restricted feeding.

Objective: The aims of this study were to assess the effectiveness of a low-carbohydrate high-fat (LCHF) diet with and without a time-restricted feeding (TRF) protocol on weight loss and participating in three sequential dietary interventions (standard calorie-deficit diet, LCHF, and LCHF + TRF) on weight loss outcomes.

Methods: Data from 227 adults from the Wharton Medical Clinic (WMC) were analyzed using a unidirectional case crossover design. Data was imputed for 154 patients to create a pseudo-sample in which everyone participated in three dietary interventions: standard calorie restriction, LCHF, and LCHF + TRF.

Associations between elevated kidney and liver biomarker ratios, metabolic syndrome and all-cause and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality: analysis of the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Background: We examined the relationship between ratios of select biomarkers of kidney and liver function on all-cause and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, both in isolation, and in combination with metabolic syndrome (MetS), among adults (20 + years, n = 10,604).

Methods: Data was derived from the U.S.

The association of sex and calendar month with changes in weight: A retrospective cohort study of a community-based weight management clinic.

Objective: To assess changes in weight by calendar month and sex in patients enrolled in a weight loss intervention.

Methods: Adults participating in a lifestyle weight loss intervention at the Wharton Medical Clinic from January 1st, 2007 to July 4th, 2019 were examined (N = 19,153). A linear generalized estimating equation was used to examine the association between weight change (baseline, month 1, month 2) and calendar month with adjustment for age, sex and baseline body mass index.

Association between metformin and physical activity with glucose control in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To examine the combined association between metformin use and physical activity on HbA1c in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Adults with type 2 diabetes from NHANES continuous survey (1999-2018, n = 6447) were classified as active and inactive based on self-reported engagement in moderate-to-vigorous or vigorous physical activity (MVPA or VigPA) and metformin use over the last month.

Results: There was a significant negative main effect of metformin usage on HbA1c levels, independent of whether individuals engaged in modest levels of MVPA or VigPA.

An analysis of weight loss efforts and expectations in a Canadian Cohort: A retrospective medical chart review.

The weight loss history and weight loss goals were examined in 4108 patients referred to a publicly funded evidence-based clinical weight management program using a retrospective chart review. The majority of patients were white females, aged of 50.1 ± 13.

No differences in the body fat after violating core bioelectrical impedance measurement assumptions.

Objective: It is unclear to what degree acutely violating bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measurement assumptions will alter the predicted percent fat mass (%FM) and whether this differs by sex or body mass index (BMI).

Methods: %FM was assessed under control, dehydration, exercise, water, food intake and non-voided bladder conditions with three BIA devices (Tanita: BC-418, TBF-314, & Omron HBF-306CN) for men (n = 23, age: 24.0 ± 5.

Separate and combined relationships for cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength with visceral fat and insulin sensitivity in adolescents with obesity.

We examined the separate and combined associations for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular strength (MS) with total and regional fat, and insulin sensitivity (IS) in 204 adolescents (BMI ≥85th percentile, 12-18 years) at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. CRF was measured by maximum oxygen consumption during a graded treadmill test. MS was quantified by combining 1-repetition maximum test for the leg and bench press.

Assessing the utility of cardiorespiratory fitness, visceral fat, and liver fat in predicting changes in insulin sensitivity beyond simple changes in body weight after exercise training in adolescents.

To examine the utility of changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body composition in response to exercise training in adolescents with obesity beyond simple measures of body weight change. This is a secondary analysis of our previously published randomized trials of aerobic, resistance, and combined training. We included 104 adolescents (body mass index (BMI) ≥85th percentile) who had complete baseline and post-intervention data for CRF, regional body fat, insulin sensitivity, and oral glucose tolerance.

Effects of exercise modality on body composition and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents with obesity: a randomized clinical trial.

We compared the effects of aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and combined aerobic and resistance exercise on total, regional subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral AT (VAT), skeletal muscle (SM), and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in adolescents. Adolescents with overweight/obesity ( = 118; body mass index ≥ 85th percentile; age, 12-17 years) were randomized to 1 of the following groups for 6 months (3 days/week, 180 min/week): aerobic exercise ( = 38), resistance exercise ( = 40), or combined aerobic and resistance exercise ( = 40). After accounting for age, sex, and baseline value, there was a greater ( < 0.

Changes in the prevalence of chronic conditions associated with abdominal obesity between 1999 and 2014.

To examine the trends in chronic conditions after accounting for temporal differences in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Pooled cycles (1999-2014) of the U.S.

Effectiveness of a Community-Based Weight Management Program for Patients Taking Antidepressants and/or Antipsychotics.

Objective: This study aimed to compare weight loss (WL) outcomes for patients taking antidepressants and/or antipsychotics with those not taking psychiatric medication.

Methods: A total of 17,519 adults enrolled in a lifestyle WL intervention at the Wharton Medical Clinics in Ontario, Canada, were analyzed. Sex-stratified multivariable linear regression analysis was used to examine the association of taking antidepressants, antipsychotics, both, or neither with WL when adjusting for age, initial weight, and treatment time.

What Is the Role of Resistance Exercise in Improving the Cardiometabolic Health of Adolescents with Obesity?

Traditionally, individuals with obesity have been encouraged to participate in aerobic exercise for long-term weight management and improved obesity-related health outcomes. Recently, resistance exercise has become a popular mode of exercise among youth with obesity. However, to date, the literature is mixed as to whether resistance exercise training alone improves body weight, fat free mass, body composition, cardiovascular risk factors, or atherogenic lipoprotein profiles.