Challenges and lessons learned in recruiting participants for school-based disease prevention programs during COVID-19.

Schools provide an ideal setting for delivery of disease prevention programs due to the ability to deliver health education and counseling, including health behavior interventions, to large numbers of students. However, the remote and hybrid learning models that arose during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic created obstacles to these efforts. In this article, we provide insights on collaborating with schools to deliver disease prevention programming during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, and in subsequent years.

Changes in Skin Cancer-Related Behaviors, Distress, and Beliefs in Response to Receipt of Low- to Moderate-Penetrance Genetic Test Results for Skin Cancer Risk.

Little is known about the impact of low- to moderate-penetrance genetic testing for skin cancer, which is a promising approach to skin cancer prevention. To address this deficit, we conducted an analysis comparing changes in skin cancer-related behaviors, distress, and beliefs measured at a baseline and twice after the receipt of skin cancer precision prevention materials containing risk feedback (higher or average risk) among 568 non-Hispanic White (NHW) and 463 Hispanic participants. Regression analyses identified decreased average weekend hours in the sun (β = -0.

The Risk Information and Skin-cancer Education for Undergraduate Prevention (RISE-UP) Study: Protocol for a Trial of Personalized Sun Protection Interventions for Skin Cancer Prevention among Undergraduate Students.

Background: Addressing the increasing incidence of skin cancer among young adults is a priority. The objective of the Risk Information and Skin-cancer Education for Undergraduate Prevention (RISE-UP) study is to identify personalized intervention components to prevent sunburn, a clinically significant outcome highly associated with skin cancer, in college students.

Methods: Guided by the Elaboration Likelihood Model, the study will use Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) methodology to test three intervention components (ultraviolet photography, MC1R genetic testing, and action planning) each with two levels (yes v.

Reducing information avoidance: The effectiveness of humour, cute animals and coping messages.

Objectives: Guided by the hedonic surplus/mood-as-resource hypotheses, we sought to identify message components that prevent health information avoidance by inducing hedonic psychological states.

Design: Two experimental studies.

Methods: Participants, age 45-75, recruited from the online survey platform, Prolific (Study 1 N = 288, Study 2 N = 505), completed a survey of their colorectal cancer (CRC) information avoidance tendency and demographics.

Exploring the role of cancer fatalism and engagement with skin cancer genetic information in diverse primary care patients.

Objective: To broaden the currently limited reach of genomic innovations, research is needed to understand how psychosocial and cultural factors influence reactions to genetic testing in diverse subgroups. Cancer fatalism is important in cancer prevention and deserves theoretical and empirical attention in the context of genomics and behavior change.

Methods: The current study employed data from a randomized controlled trial (N = 593) offering skin cancer genetic testing (using the melanocortin-1 receptor [MC1R] gene) in primary care in Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.

Colorectal cancer information avoidance is associated with screening adherence.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer among U.S. men and women and the second deadliest.

Protocol for a cluster-randomized trial of a school-based skin cancer preventive intervention for adolescents.

Background: Adolescents infrequently use sun protection and engage in intentional tanning more frequently compared to other age groups, leading to increased ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure that heightens skin cancer risk across the lifespan. High schools are therefore an ideal setting for offering skin cancer preventive interventions. Yet, there are limited UVR protection interventions for high school students, especially those that are personalized, tested using randomized designs, and include long-term outcome assessment to determine the durability of intervention effects.

I don't know my child's asthma risk: evidence against satisficing as an explanation for 'don't know' responses.

Several studies suggest that "don't know" (DK) responses to risk perception items may represent meaningful expressions of uncertainty about disease risk. However, researchers are often discouraged from including a DK response option in survey items due to concerns about respondents overusing it to minimize cognitive effort-a phenomenon often referred to as . Our objective was to investigate whether patterns of DK responses to risk perception survey items were consistent with satisficing behavior.

Moderating influences on parents' fatalistic beliefs about cancer and their association with sun safety behaviors among children of melanoma survivors: Implications for treatment.

The purpose of this study is to examine the association between parents' fatalism about melanoma and their children's sun protection, and the potential moderating role of parent-child communication. In this observational study of = 69 melanoma-surviving parents of children ages 8-17, parents reported on their own melanoma fatalism, as well as their children's sun safety behaviors and parent-child discussion about sun safety. Parent gender, family history of melanoma, and frequency of parent-child discussions moderated the relationship between parents' fatalism and children's sun safety behaviors.

Reasons people avoid colorectal cancer information: a mixed-methods study.

Objective: With screening, colorectal cancer can be detected when treatable, or even prevented. However, approximately one in five people tend to avoid colorectal cancer information, and avoidance is associated with being less likely to have been screened for the disease. Crucial to developing strategies to reduce information avoidance, we sought a comprehensive understanding of reasons people avoid colorectal cancer information.

The Family Lifestyles, Actions and Risk Education (FLARE) study: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial of a sun protection intervention for children of melanoma survivors.

Background: Children of parents who had melanoma are more likely to develop skin cancer themselves owing to shared familial risks. The prevention of sunburns and promotion of sun-protective behaviors are essential to control cancer among these children. The Family Lifestyles, Actions and Risk Education (FLARE) intervention will be delivered as part of a randomized controlled trial to support parent-child collaboration to improve sun safety outcomes among children of melanoma survivors.

Development of a novel measure of advanced cancer patients' perceived utility of secondary germline findings from tumor genomic profiling.

Objective: Tumor genomic profiling (TGP) can inform advanced cancer patients' treatment decisions, and also reveal secondary germline findings-information about inherited risks for cancer and other disorders. We sought to develop a measure of patient perceptions of the clinical and personal utility of secondary germline findings.

Methods: We developed a draft survey based on literature and patient interview data (=40).

PRO-CTCAE reveals under-recognition of dermatologic symptom burden in hospitalized cancer patients.

Purpose: Dermatologic adverse events (dAEs) occur frequently in hospitalized patients and can significantly reduce quality of life. Physicians grade dAEs using the Common Terminology Criteria of Adverse Events (CTCAE). However, they often underestimate symptom frequency and severity.

Prevalence and Age-Related Patterns in Health Information-Seeking Behaviors and Technology Use Among Skin Cancer Survivors: Survey Study.

Background: Information is an unmet need among cancer survivors. There is a paucity of population-based data examining the health information-seeking behaviors and attitudes of skin cancer survivors.

Objective: We aimed to identify the prevalence and patterns of health information-seeking behaviors and attitudes among skin cancer survivors across age groups.

Decision-Making and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Melanoma Considering Adjuvant Immunotherapy.

Background: Adjuvant anti-PD1 treatment improves relapse-free survival (RFS) but has not been shown to improve overall survival (OS) in melanoma and is associated with risks of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), some permanent. We identified factors patients consider in deciding whether to undergo adjuvant anti-PD1 treatment and assessed prospective health-related quality of life (HRQoL), treatment satisfaction, and decisional regret.

Patients And Methods: Patients with stage IIIB-IV cutaneous melanoma and free of disease, were candidates for adjuvant anti-PD1 immunotherapy, and had not yet discussed adjuvant treatment options with their oncologist were eligible.

Moving beyond the "Health Halo" of Alcohol: What Will it Take to Achieve Population Awareness of the Cancer Risks of Alcohol?

We discuss the implications of Seidenberg and colleagues' report confirming low levels of accurate awareness of the cancer harms associated with alcohol use, including wine, beer, and liquor consumption. The authors propose that academic and lay messaging describing consumption of wine and other forms of alcohol as reducing heart disease risk has created generalized beliefs about the health benefits of drinking alcohol. This "health halo" surrounding alcohol consumption leads the public to overgeneralize alcohol health benefits to other diseases, including cancer.

Unpacking Habit With Bayesian Mixed Models: Dynamic Approach to Health Behaviors With Interchangeable Elements, Illustrated Through Multiple Sun Protection Behaviors.

Analytics for behavioral habit typically model one behavior at a time, despite the fact that habit often involves multiple cooccurring behaviors, such as food choices and physical activities, where interrelated behaviors are often equally recommended. We propose a novel Mixed-Effects Dynamic hAbit model (MEDA) to simultaneously model multiple related, habitual behaviors. As an illustrative example, MEDA was applied to real-time assessments of sun protection (sunscreen, shade, hat, and protective clothing) reported twice daily by first-degree relatives of melanoma patients who are themselves at an elevated risk of skin cancer.

Worldview Orientations and Personal and Social Risk Perceptions for COVID-19 in a U.S. Population-Based Sample.

Adoption of COVID-19 preventive behaviors involves considering personal risk and the risk to others. Consequently, many COVID-19 prevention measures are intended to protect both the individual engaging in the behavior and others in the population. Yet, the preponderance of research is focused on perceptions of an individual's personal risk, making risk perception for others a critical area for investigation.

Associations between social COVID-19 exposure and psychological functioning.

The negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health have been widely reported, but less is known about how the impact of COVID-19 on others in one's social circle shapes these high distress levels. This study examines associations between social COVID-19 exposure-knowing someone who had a COVID-19 infection-and psychological functioning, as well as whether socio-demographic factors moderate these relationships. In June 2020, respondents (N = 343) from clinics in Tampa, Florida, U.

Increasing Skin Cancer Prevention in Young Adults: the Cumulative Impact of Personalized UV Photography and MC1R Genetic Testing.

Skin cancer has become increasingly common among young adults; however, this population does not consistently adhere to recommended methods for preventing the disease. Interventions in college settings have relied on appearance-focused appeals and have not been able to examine the cumulative effect of multiple behavior change and skin cancer risk communication strategies. The goal of the current study was to examine the unique and combined impacts of personalized ultraviolet (UV) radiation photographs, genetic testing for skin cancer risk, and general skin cancer prevention education.

Race/Ethnicity, Nativity Status, and Patient Portal Access and Use.

We examined whether patient portals (online medical records) access and use differed between groups of various races/ethnicities and nativity status. We used data from the nationally representative Health Information National Trends Survey (N=3,191). We used logistic regression to examine associations between nativity status and the following three binary outcomes: (1) being offered access to patient portals by patients' health care providers/insurers, (2) being encouraged to use one by their health care providers, and (3) having used one within the past 12 months.

'I had a bigger cancer risk than I thought…': The experience of receiving personalized risk information as part of a skin cancer prevention intervention in the college setting.

Background: Diagnoses of both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers are becoming increasingly common among young adults. Interventions in this population are a priority because they do not consistently follow skin cancer prevention recommendations.

Objectives: The goal of the current study was to examine college students' perspectives on and experience with receiving a skin cancer prevention intervention that provided personalized skin cancer risk feedback in the form of an ultraviolet (UV) photograph, the results of genetic testing for common skin cancer risk variants, and/or general skin cancer prevention education.