Lagrangian mass-flow investigations of inorganic contaminants in wastewater-impacted streams.

Understanding the potential effects of increased reliance on wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents to meet municipal, agricultural, and environmental flow requires an understanding of the complex chemical loading characteristics of the WWTPs and the assimilative capacity of receiving waters. Stream ecosystem effects are linked to proportions of WWTP effluent under low-flow conditions as well as the nature of the effluent chemical mixtures. This study quantifies the loading of 58 inorganic constituents (nutrients to rare earth elements) from WWTP discharges relative to upstream landscape-based sources.

Interproton distance determinations by NOE--surprising accuracy and precision in a rigid organic molecule.

The accuracy inherent in the measurement of interproton distances in small molecules by nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) and rotational Overhauser enhancement (ROE) methods is investigated with the rigid model compound strychnine. The results suggest that interproton distances can be established with a remarkable level of accuracy, within a few percent of their true values, using a straight-forward data analysis method if experiments are conducted under conditions that support the initial rate approximation. Dealing with deviations from these conditions and other practical issues regarding these measurements are discussed.