Educational strategies used to improve the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of health care students and providers regarding implicit bias: An integrative review of the literature.

Background: The thoughts, feelings, and attitudes health care professionals unconsciously have about patients can negatively impact patients' health outcomes. Systematic reviews related to implicit bias in health care providers have uncovered negative implicit bias towards older adults, people of color, people with disabilities, psychiatric patients, patients who are obese, people of low socioeconomic status, and women. Implicit bias impacts the quality, safety, and competence of care delivered; interactions between patients and providers; and patient approval of treatment recommendations.

Interpersonal Violence: What Undergraduate Nursing Students Know.

A program evaluation of undergraduate nursing curricula content was completed and survey developed to assess undergraduate nursing students' knowledge about interpersonal violence. Students electively answered a 43-question survey regarding interpersonal violence as a public health problem. The sample included 104 traditional and accelerated undergraduate nursing students.

Life is a highway: Driver's license acquisition and social determinants for youth in foster care and their non-foster care peers.

Background: Data regarding the connection between driver licensure and social determinants for youth could provide insight into the impact of driver license acquisition. These relationships are important for youth overall and particularly for foster youth given that adolescents in foster care obtain driver's licenses less often than their non-foster care peers. This integrative review explores the association between driver licensure and social determinants.

Summative Content Analysis for Understanding of Romantic Relationships Among Rural Mexican American Adolescent Women.

An understanding of romantic relationships among adolescent Mexican-American females is lacking yet needed to provide culturally appropriate sexual health interventions. Although explored among other populations, romantic relationships among adolescents in rural settings is under-studied. This study explores romantic relationships for rural Mexican American female adolescents as a component of sexual health promotion.

Health out of foster care as young adults age out of foster care: A phenomenological exploration of seeking healthcare services after aging out of the US foster care system.

Some adolescents in the United States who have been abused and/or neglected by caregivers and placed in permanent custody of the state leave, or "age out" of foster care at 18 years of age. Poor health outcomes among individuals who age out are notable, yet few studies describe the phenomenon of seeking healthcare services after leaving foster care. The investigators specifically queried the phenomenon of seeking healthcare services after foster care drawing from the Phenomenology of Practice approach.

The influence of social determinants of health among young adults after they have left foster care in the US.

Aims And Objectives: To describe the influence of the social determinants of health on health care seeking among young adults after they left foster care.

Background: Extensive research suggests that stakeholders in foster care systems throughout the world struggle to consistently and effectively manage the health and well-being of youth. These struggles extend beyond time in foster care as indicated by poor health and social outcomes throughout the life course.

Integrative Review: Delivery of Healthcare Services to Adolescents and Young Adults During and After Foster Care.

The purpose of this integrative review is to summarize evidence describing delivery of healthcare services to adolescents while in foster care and to young adults after they exit foster care. The long-term, deleterious effect of abuse and/or neglect by caregivers among youth who have been placed in foster care is grounded in empirical evidence demonstrating the relationship between long-term health needs and exposure to trauma in childhood. Evidence is needed to provide culturally-specific care and also to identify knowledge gaps in the care of adolescents and young adults who have been in the foster care system.

The Meaning of Weight: A Big Way of Life for Rural Mexican-American Adolescent Men and Caregivers.

Objective: To describe the meaning of body weight among rural Mexican-American adolescents (RMAA) and an influential person (IP) of their social network.

Design And Sample: This is qualitative descriptive study. Convenience sampling was used to recruit RMAA seeking care at a rural primary care-based clinic.

Assessment of mobile device and SMS Use for Diet and Exercise Information Among Rural Mexican-American adolescents.

This is a pilot study regarding the use of mobile technology and short message service (SMS) for diet and exercise among rural Mexican American adolescents (RMAA). Authors used convenience sampling to recruit RMAA seeking care at a rural healthcare clinic and conducted three focus groups (n=12). Content analysis was used to identify categories and subcategories.

Retrospective chart review of obesity and episodic and chronic illness among rural Mexican-American adolescents accessing rural health clinic services.

Obesity impacts the physical and psychological health of children and adolescents, and is a risk factor for development of episodic and chronic illness. Rural Mexican-American adolescents are at risk for obesity and associated chronic illnesses.The study used a retrospective chart review of data collected routinely in a rural health clinic setting from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2010 to assess incidence of overweight/obesity status and episodic or chronic illness among Mexican-American adolescents aged 12-18 years.

Retrospective chart review for obesity and associated interventions among rural Mexican-American adolescents accessing healthcare services.

Purpose: To report a retrospective analysis of data routinely collected in the course of healthcare services at a rural health clinic and to assess obesity incidence and associated interventions among rural Mexican-American adolescents.

Data Sources: Two hundred and twelve charts reviewed; 98 (46.2%) males and 114 (53.

Sexual risk behavior and STI health literacy among ethnic minority adolescent women.

Although information is available for prevention of sexually transmitted infection (STI/HIV), adolescents continue to engage in high risk sexual behavior particularly ethnic minority adolescent women with histories of STI or abuse. A description therefore of STI/HIV knowledge and sexual risk behavior among these women is indicated for modification of prevention efforts for sexual health promotion. African-American (n=94) and Mexican-American (n=465) adolescent women 14-18 years of age were included in the study.

Determination of LCt(50)s in anesthetized rats exposed to aerosolized nerve agents.

Nerve agents pose a threat to the respiratory tract with exposure that could result in acute compromised lung performance and death. The determination of toxicity by inhalation is important for the rational development of timely therapeutic countermeasures. This study was designed to deliver aerosolized dilute nerve agents in a dose-response manner to investigate the extent of lethality of nerve agents: soman, sarin, VX and VR.

Conceptualization of sexual partner relationship steadiness among ethnic minority adolescent women: implications for evidence-based behavioral sexual risk reduction interventions.

Cognitive behavioral interventions for sexual risk reduction have been less successful among ethnic minority adolescent women with histories of abuse and sexually transmitted infections (STI) than among other adolescent populations. African American and Mexican American adolescent women (ages 14-18 years, n = 548) self-reported sexual partner relationship steadiness and sexual risk behaviors via semi-structured interviews at study entry. Descriptive and bivariate analyses compared sexual risk behaviors by sexual partner relationship steadiness.

Reducing STIs: screening, treatment, and counseling.

Screening, treatment, and counseling for sexually transmitted infections requires a thorough assessment of psychosocial, behavioral, cultural, and clinical factors. This article offers a summary of the most recent CDC data, prevention guidelines, and steps to implementing current evidence into clinical practice.

Comparison of a theory-based (AIDS Risk Reduction Model) cognitive behavioral intervention versus enhanced counseling for abused ethnic minority adolescent women on infection with sexually transmitted infection: results of a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Ethnic minority adolescent women with a history of sexual or physical abuse and sexually transmitted infections represent a vulnerable population at risk for HIV. Community-based interventions for behavior modification and subsequent risk reduction have not been effective among these women.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of a theory-based (AIDS Risk Reduction Model) cognitive behavioral intervention model versus enhanced counseling for abused ethnic minority adolescent women on infection with sexually transmitted infection at 6 and 12 months follow-up.

An exploration of young ethnic minority males' beliefs about romantic relationships.

Ethnic minority males experience a disproportionate prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and HIV. Few studies have explored the beliefs that frame romantic relationships in which sexual behavior occurs. The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of romantic relationships for young ethnic minority men who partner with adolescent women with high-risk sexual histories and the beliefs about romantic relationships that underlie these relationship choices.

The path to intervention: community partnerships and development of a cognitive behavioral intervention for ethnic minority adolescent females.

Reproductive health needs for ethnic minority adolescents are a national priority given the population growth of minority adolescents in the United States. United States census reports predict minority adolescents will comprise one-third of all young persons less than 20 years of age early in the twenty-first century. Developing culturally sensitive interventions for minority adolescents includes ecological assessments of cultural priorities, community resources, disease burden, and socioeconomic conditions.

Attitudes and beliefs concerning sexual relationships among minority adolescent women.

Learning about one's sexuality is an important developmental task for the adolescent and has implications for a lifelong process of becoming a sexual being and reaching sexual maturity. Learning about intimacy in relationship with others is another important developmental task for the adolescent. The occurrence of interpersonal violence, particularly sexual, physical, or psychological violence, disrupts the development of intimacy which informs the process for becoming a sexual being.

Male adolescent sexual behavior: what they know and what they wish they had known.

There is a need to involve sexual partners when addressing sexual behavior of high-risk adolescent women. This study explored men's perceptions of their role in sexual relationships with adolescent women with a history of sexually transmitted infection (STI) and abuse. The AIDS risk reduction model was used to assess sexual risk behaviors of these men for development of cognitive behavioral risk reduction interventions for themselves and partner.

Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of sulfur mustard-plasma protein adducts: validation and use in a rat inhalation model.

Sulfur mustard (HD) is an alkylating agent that reacts rapidly with macromolecular targets resulting in the formation of stable adducts providing depots for markers of exposure. The purpose of this study was to validate an analytical procedure for detection of HD-plasma protein adducts and to establish the utility of the method in an HD rat inhalation study. Calibration curves were prepared in human and rat plasma at six levels of HD (12.

The 1.8-A resolution crystal structure of YDR533Cp from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a member of the DJ-1/ThiJ/PfpI superfamily.

The yeast gene YDR533C encodes a protein belonging to the DJ-1/ThiJ/PfpI superfamily. This family includes the human protein DJ-1, which is mutated in autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson's disease. The function of DJ-1 and its yeast homologue YDR533Cp is unknown.

The 1.1-A resolution crystal structure of DJ-1, the protein mutated in autosomal recessive early onset Parkinson's disease.

Mutations in DJ-1, a human gene with homologues in organisms from all kingdoms of life, have been shown to be associated with autosomal recessive, early onset Parkinson's disease (PARK7). We report here the three-dimensional structure of the DJ-1 protein, determined at a resolution of 1.1 A by x-ray crystallography.

The intracellular pH-regulatory HCO3-/Cl- exchanger in the mouse oocyte is inactivated during first meiotic metaphase and reactivated after egg activation via the MAP kinase pathway.

The HCO(3)(-)/Cl(-) exchanger is quiescent in the unfertilized mouse egg but is highly active in regulating intracellular pH in the early embryo and required for normal development. We show here that the HCO(3)(-)/Cl(-) exchanger is active in first meiotic prophase (GV) oocyte but inactivated during meiotic metaphase before the MI to MII transition. Reactivation does not occur until the activated egg enters interphase.