Associations between Dietary Patterns and Incident Colorectal Cancer in 114,443 Individuals from the UK Biobank: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Diet-disease association studies increasingly use dietary patterns (DP) to account for the complexity of the exposure. We assessed if a DP associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality is also associated with colorectal cancer.

Methods: We used reduced rank regression on 24-hour recall data to identify DPs, explaining the maximum variation in four nutrient-response variables: energy density, saturated fatty acids, free sugars, and fiber density.

Associations of fruit intake with adiposity and cardiometabolic biomarkers in UK Biobank.

Background: Fruit consumption has been associated with a lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the cross-sectional and prospective associations of fruit consumption with markers of adiposity, blood pressure, lipids, low-grade inflammation, glycaemia, and oxidative stress.

Methods: The main analyses included 365 534 middle-aged adults from the UK Biobank at baseline, of whom 11 510, and 38 988 were included in the first and second follow-up respectively, free from CVD and cancer at baseline.

Associations of general and central adiposity with hypertension and cardiovascular disease among South Asian populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The relevance of measures of general and central adiposity for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks in populations of European descent is well established. However, it is less well characterised in South Asian populations, who characteristically manifest larger waist circumferences (WC) for equivalent body mass index (BMI). This systematic review and meta-analysis provide an overview of the literature on the association of different anthropometric measures with CVD risk among South Asians.

Associations between types and sources of dietary carbohydrates and liver fat: a UK Biobank study.

Background And Aims: Excess energy intake can lead to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), but the relationship between dietary carbohydrate intake and liver fat content remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the associations between types and sources of dietary carbohydrates and liver fat content.

Methods: UK Biobank participants with no pre-existing diabetes, liver disease or cardiovascular disease reported dietary intake of types and sources of carbohydrates (total carbohydrates, free sugars, non-free sugars, starch from whole grains, starch from refined grains, and fibre) on at least two 24-h dietary assessments.

Bromodomain Factor 5 as a Target for Antileishmanial Drug Discovery.

Leishmaniases are a collection of neglected tropical diseases caused by kinetoplastid parasites in the genus . Current chemotherapies are severely limited, and the need for new antileishmanials is of pressing international importance. Bromodomains are epigenetic reader domains that have shown promising therapeutic potential for cancer therapy and may also present an attractive target to treat parasitic diseases.

Body composition and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in global multi-ethnic populations.

Background: No large-scale studies have compared associations between body composition and cardiovascular risk factors across multi-ethnic populations.

Methods: Population-based surveys included 30,721 Malay, 10,865 Indian and 25,296 Chinese adults from The Malaysian Cohort, and 413,737 White adults from UK Biobank. Sex-specific linear regression models estimated associations of anthropometry and body composition (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], fat mass, appendicular lean mass) with systolic blood pressure (SBP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides and HbA1c.

Associations between types and sources of dietary carbohydrates and cardiovascular disease risk: a prospective cohort study of UK Biobank participants.

Background: Recent studies have reported that the associations between dietary carbohydrates and cardiovascular disease (CVD) may depend on the quality, rather than the quantity, of carbohydrates consumed. This study aimed to assess the associations between types and sources of dietary carbohydrates and CVD incidence. A secondary aim was to examine the associations of carbohydrate intakes with triglycerides within lipoprotein subclasses.

Evaluation of the New Individual Fatty Acid Dataset for UK Biobank: Analysis of Intakes and Sources in 207,997 Participants.

The Oxford WebQ is an online 24 h dietary assessment tool used by several large prospective studies. This study describes the creation of the new individual fatty acid (FA) dataset for the Oxford WebQ and reports intakes and sources of dietary individual FAs in the UK Biobank. Participants who completed ≥1 (maximum of five) 24 h dietary assessments were included ( = 207,997).

Effects of Within-Person Variability in Spot Urinary Sodium Measurements on Associations With Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease.

Randomized trials of salt restriction have consistently demonstrated that decreasing salt consumption lowers blood pressure, but results of observational studies of salt intake and cardiovascular disease have been conflicting. After excluding individuals with prevalent cardiovascular or kidney disease in the prospective UK Biobank study, we examined the within-person variability in spot urinary sodium excretion and its impact on associations with systolic blood pressure and risk of incident cardiovascular disease. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to assess within-person variability in spot urinary sodium, and associations between sodium and blood pressure were assessed using linear regression in participants with measurements at baseline (N=355 134) and after 9 years (N=33 915).

Associations Between Macronutrients From Different Dietary Sources and Serum Lipids in 24 639 UK Biobank Study Participants.

[Figure: see text].

Joint Associations Between Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference With Atrial Fibrillation in Men and Women.

Background Associations between adiposity and atrial fibrillation (AF) might differ between sexes. We aimed to determine precise estimates of the risk of AF by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in men and women. Methods and Results Between 2008 and 2013, over 3.

Genetic, lifestyle, and health-related characteristics of adults without celiac disease who follow a gluten-free diet: a population-based study of 124,447 participants.

Background: The number of gluten-free diet followers without celiac disease (CD) is increasing. However, little is known about the characteristics of these individuals.

Objectives: We address this issue by investigating a wide range of genetic and phenotypic characteristics in association with following a gluten-free diet.

Sex-Specific Associations of Vascular Risk Factors With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Findings From 1.5 Million Women and 0.8 Million Men in the United States and United Kingdom.

Background Large studies are required for reliable estimates of important risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This could guide targeted AAA screening programs, particularly in subgroups like women who are currently excluded from such programs. Method and Results In a cross-sectional study, 1.

Reproducibility of dietary intakes of macronutrients, specific food groups, and dietary patterns in 211 050 adults in the UK Biobank study.

To detect modest associations of dietary intake with disease risk, observational studies need to be large and control for moderate measurement errors. The reproducibility of dietary intakes of macronutrients, food groups and dietary patterns (vegetarian and Mediterranean) was assessed in adults in the UK Biobank study on up to five occasions using a web-based 24-h dietary assessment ( 211 050), and using short FFQ recorded at baseline ( 502 655) and after 4 years ( 20 346). When the means of two 24-h assessments were used, the intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) for macronutrients varied from 0·63 for alcohol to 0·36 for polyunsaturated fat.

The roles of non-cognitive and cognitive skills in the life course development of adult health inequalities.

Previous research has suggested that greater cognitive skill is protective against the development of socioeconomic health inequalities across the life course, but the relative role of non-cognitive skills has been less investigated in this context. Using the prospective UK 1958 National Child Development Study (N = 18,558), higher factor scores for adolescent non-cognitive skills (NCS; i.e.

Next-generation sequencing of prostate cancer: genomic and pathway alterations, potential actionability patterns, and relative rate of use of clinical-grade testing.

Despite being one of the most common cancers, treatment options for prostate cancer are limited. Novel approaches for advanced disease are needed. We evaluated the relative rate of use of clinical-grade next generation sequencing (NGS) in prostate cancer, as well as genomic alterations identified and their potential actionability.

Aberrations in Diverse Cancers: Next-Generation Sequencing of 4,871 Patients.

Aberrations in genetic sequences encoding the tyrosine kinase receptor RET lead to oncogenic signaling that is targetable with anti-RET multikinase inhibitors. Understanding the comprehensive genomic landscape of aberrations across multiple cancers may facilitate clinical trial development targeting We interrogated the molecular portfolio of 4,871 patients with diverse malignancies for the presence of aberrations using Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments-certified targeted next-generation sequencing of 182 or 236 gene panels. Among diverse cancers, aberrations were identified in 88 cases [1.

Genomic Landscape of Malignant Mesotheliomas.

Understanding the genomic landscape of malignant mesothelioma may identify novel molecular drivers of this ultra-rare disease, which can lead to an expanded roster of targeted therapies and clinical trial options for patients with mesothelioma. We examined the molecular profiles of 42 patients with malignant mesothelioma (including pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial) that were referred by clinicians to be tested in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) laboratory using next-generation sequencing (NGS; 182 or 236 genes). Among 42 patients, there were 116 alterations, with 92 being distinct.

Cell-Cycle Gene Alterations in 4,864 Tumors Analyzed by Next-Generation Sequencing: Implications for Targeted Therapeutics.

Alterations in the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-retinoblastoma (RB) machinery disrupt cell-cycle regulation and are being targeted in drug development. To understand the cancer types impacted by this pathway, we analyzed frequency of abnormalities in key cell-cycle genes across 4,864 tumors using next-generation sequencing (182 or 236 genes; Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments laboratory). Aberrations in the cell-cycle pathway were identified in 39% of cancers, making this pathway one of the most commonly altered in cancer.

Genomic portfolio of Merkel cell carcinoma as determined by comprehensive genomic profiling: implications for targeted therapeutics.

Merkel cell carcinoma is an ultra-rare cutaneous neuroendocrine cancer for which approved treatment options are lacking. To better understand potential actionability, the genomic landscape of Merkel cell cancers was assessed. The molecular aberrations in 17 patients with Merkel cell carcinoma were, on physician request, tested in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) laboratory (Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA) using next-generation sequencing (182 or 236 genes) and analyzed by N-of-One, Inc.

Genomic landscape of salivary gland tumors.

Effective treatment options for advanced salivary gland tumors are lacking. To better understand these tumors, we report their genomic landscape. We studied the molecular aberrations in 117 patients with salivary gland tumors that were, on physician request, tested in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) laboratory (Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA) using next-generation sequencing (182 or 236 genes), and analyzed by N-of-One, Inc.

Squamousness: Next-generation sequencing reveals shared molecular features across squamous tumor types.

In order to gain a better understanding of the underlying biology of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), we tested the hypothesis that SCC originating from different organs may possess common molecular alterations. SCC samples (N = 361) were examined using clinical-grade targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). The most frequent SCC tumor types were head and neck, lung, cutaneous, gastrointestinal and gynecologic cancers.

Comparisons of polydrug use at national and inner city levels in England: associations with demographic and socioeconomic factors.

Purpose: This study compares polydrug use in national and inner city samples to (1) examine patterns of use underlying different prevalence rates and (2) identify how inner city polydrug use needs targeting in ways not suggested by national research.

Methods: Latent class analyses on indicators of illicit drug use in the last year, hazardous alcohol use, and cigarette smoking were compared between the inner city 2008-2010 South East London Community Health study (n = 1698) and the nationally representative 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey in England (n = 7403). Multinomial logistic regressions then examined latent class solutions with demographic and socioeconomic factors.

The fate of hydraulically redistributed water in a semi-arid zone eucalyptus species.

Although hydraulic redistribution has been observed for a range of tree species, including Eucalyptus kochii subsp. borealis (C. Gardner) D.