Predictive factors for the diagnosis of coeliac disease in children and young people in primary care: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Coeliac Disease (CD) often has its onset in childhood and affects 1% of the population. This review aimed to identify important predictive factors for coeliac disease in children and young people which could help GPs decide when to offer testing.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library to April 2024.

Ethnic disparities in lung cancer incidence and differences in diagnostic characteristics: a population-based cohort study in England.

Background: Lung cancer is a leading cause of mortality, yet disparities in lung cancer across different sociodemographic groups in the UK remain unclear. This study investigates ethnicity and sociodemographic disparities and differences in lung cancer in a nationally representative English cohort, aiming to highlight inequalities and promote equitable access to diagnostic advancements.

Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study using health care records from QResearch, a large primary care database in England.

A type 1 hybrid multi-site randomized controlled trial protocol for evaluating virtual interview training among autistic transition-age youth.

A number of policies mandate that autistic transition-age youth receive employment services to prepare for the workforce before high school graduation. A key limitation to these services is the job interview component, which relies on non-standardized, resource-intensive, staff-led role-plays to help autistic transition-age youth improve their interview skills. The autism community has called for better job interview preparation.

Outcomes for older people with screening detected versus existing chronic kidney disease: Cohort study with data linkage.

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a common health problem, associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), end stage kidney disease (ESKD), and premature death. A third of people aged≥70 years have CKD, many of whom are undiagnosed, but little is known about the value of screening.

Aim: To compare the risk of adverse health outcomes between people with an existing diagnosis of CKD and those identified on screening.

What is known about adolescent dysmenorrhoea in (and for) community health settings?

Introduction: Dysmenorrhoea affects many adolescents with significant impacts on education and well-being. In the UK, most of the adolescents who seek care (and many never do), will do so through general practice (primary care). Knowing how best to care for adolescents reporting menstrual pain is an area where UK general practitioners would like better guidance and resources.

Incidence of menstrual symptoms suggestive of possible endometriosis in adolescents: and variance in these by ethnicity and socio-economic status.

Background: Dysmenorrhoea affects up to 94% of adolescents who menstruate; approximately one third miss school and activities. Dysmenorrhoea can occur without identified pelvic pathology (primary dysmenorrhoea) or in association with other conditions (secondary dysmenorrhoea). In adolescence, the commonest cause of secondary dysmenorrhoea is endometriosis.

Uptake, effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in individuals at clinical risk due to immunosuppressive drug therapy or transplantation procedures: a population-based cohort study in England.

Background: Immunocompromised individuals are at increased risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes, underscoring the importance of COVID-19 vaccination in this population. The lack of comprehensive real-world data on vaccine uptake, effectiveness and safety in these individuals presents a critical knowledge gap, highlighting the urgency to better understand and address the unique challenges faced by immunocompromised individuals in the context of COVID-19 vaccination.

Methods: We analysed data from 12,274,946 people in the UK aged > 12 years from 01/12/2020 to 11/04/2022.

Safety outcomes following COVID-19 vaccination and infection in 5.1 million children in England.

The risk-benefit profile of COVID-19 vaccination in children remains uncertain. A self-controlled case-series study was conducted using linked data of 5.1 million children in England to compare risks of hospitalisation from vaccine safety outcomes after COVID-19 vaccination and infection.

Effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccination in people with blood cancer.

Background: People with blood cancer have increased risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes and poor response to vaccination. We assessed the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in this vulnerable group compared to the general population.

Methods: Individuals aged ≥12 years as of 1st December 2020 in the QResearch primary care database were included.

Stable endocytic structures navigate the complex pellicle of apicomplexan parasites.

Apicomplexan parasites have immense impacts on humanity, but their basic cellular processes are often poorly understood. Where endocytosis occurs in these cells, how conserved this process is with other eukaryotes, and what the functions of endocytosis are across this phylum are major unanswered questions. Using the apicomplexan model Toxoplasma, we identified the molecular composition and behavior of unusual, fixed endocytic structures.

Uptake of COVID-19 vaccination in people with blood cancer: Population-level cohort study of 12 million patients in England.

Background: People with blood cancers have increased risk of severe outcomes from COVID-19 and were prioritised for vaccination.

Methods: Individuals in the QResearch database aged 12 years and above on 1st December 2020 were included in the analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis described time to COVID-19 vaccine uptake in people with blood cancer and other high-risk disorders.

Quality of life in older adults with chronic kidney disease and transient changes in renal function: Findings from the Oxford Renal cohort.

Background: Quality of life (QoL) is an important measure of disease burden and general health perception. The relationship between early chronic kidney disease (CKD) and QoL remains poorly understood. The Oxford Renal Study (OxRen) cohort comprises 1063 adults aged ≥60 years from UK primary care practices screened for early CKD, grouped according to existing or screen-detected CKD diagnoses, or biochemistry results indicative of reduced renal function (referred to as transient estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) reduction).

Comparative efficacy and safety of the artemisinin derivatives compared to quinine for treating severe malaria in children and adults: A systematic update of literature and network meta-analysis.

Background: The artemisinin derivatives are the preferred antimalaria drugs for treating severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. However, their clinical effectiveness compared to each other is unknown. Our objective, therefore, was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the artemisinin derivatives and quinine for treating severe P.

Change in glomerular filtration rate over time in the Oxford Renal Cohort Study: observational study.

Background: Decline in kidney function can result in adverse health outcomes. The Oxford Renal Cohort Study has detailed baseline assessments from 884 participants ≥60 years of age.

Aim: To determine the proportion of participants with a decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), identify determinants of decline, and determine proportions with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remission.

The diagnostic accuracy of HbA , compared to the oral glucose tolerance test, for screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Africa-A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of glycated haemoglobin A (HbA ), compared to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), in screening for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Africa.

Methods: We systematically searched databases for studies that compared the HbA to either the OGTT, or the FPG for T2D diagnosis were included. The QUADAS 2 tool was used for assessing the quality of included studies.

Perceptions on undertaking regular asymptomatic self-testing for COVID-19 using lateral flow tests: a qualitative study of university students and staff.

Objectives: Successful implementation of asymptomatic testing programmes using lateral flow tests (LFTs) depends on several factors, including feasibility, acceptability and how people act on test results. We aimed to examine experiences of university students and staff of regular asymptomatic self-testing using LFTs, and their subsequent behaviours.

Design And Setting: A qualitative study using semistructured remote interviews and qualitative survey responses, which were analysed thematically.

Point-of-care HbA testing in an urban primary care diabetes clinic in South Africa: a mixed methods feasibility study.

Introduction: Monitoring and treatment of type 2 diabetes in South Africa usually takes place in primary care using random blood glucose testing to guide treatment decisions. This study explored the feasibility of using point-of-care haemoglobin A1c (HbA) testing in addition to glucose testing in a busy primary care clinic in Cape Town, South Africa.

Subjects: 185 adults aged 19-88 years with type 2 diabetes.

Rag GTPases and phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate mediate recruitment of the AP-5/SPG11/SPG15 complex.

Adaptor protein complex 5 (AP-5) and its partners, SPG11 and SPG15, are recruited onto late endosomes and lysosomes. Here we show that recruitment of AP-5/SPG11/SPG15 is enhanced in starved cells and occurs by coincidence detection, requiring both phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) and Rag GTPases. PI3P binding is via the SPG15 FYVE domain, which, on its own, localizes to early endosomes.

Prevalence and factors associated with multimorbidity among primary care patients with decreased renal function.

Objectives: To establish the prevalence of multimorbidity in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 1-5 and transiently impaired renal function and identify factors associated with multimorbidity.

Design And Setting: Prospective cohort study in UK primary care.

Participants: 861 participants aged 60 and older with decreased renal function of whom, 584 (65.