Development of criteria to optimize manual smear review of automated complete blood counts using a machine learning model.

Objective: In this study, we aim to determine if machine learning can reduce manual smear review (MSR) rates while meeting or exceeding the performance of traditional MSR criteria.

Method: 9938 automated CBCs with paired MSRs were performed on samples from rhesus and cynomolgus macaques. The definition of a positive (abnormal) smear was determined.

T2-relaxometry in a large cohort of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy.

Background: Previously, T2-relaxation time (T2) and proton spin density (ρ) detected nerve injury in a small group of ATTRv amyloidosis. Here, we aim to quantify peripheral nerve impairment in a large cohort of symptomatic and asymptomatic ATTRv amyloidosis and correlate T2-relaxometry markers with clinical parameters and nerve conduction studies (NCS).

Methods: Eighty participants with pathologic variants of the gene () and 40 controls prospectively underwent magnetic resonance neurography.

Evolution of peripheral nerve changes in early multiple sclerosis-a longitudinal MR neurography study.

Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Increasing evidence indicates additional peripheral nerve involvement in early and chronic disease stages. To investigate the evolution of peripheral nerve changes in patients first diagnosed with MS using quantitative MR neurography.

An Epidemiologic Study of Bacterial Culture and Antibiotic Susceptibility Analyses in Captive Macaques and Marmosets at the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a growing public health threat that arises at the interface between animal, human, and environmental health. Although the pathways promoting the development of AMR are well characterized in human health settings, data within the veterinary medical world are less abundant, particularly from fields focusing on nontraditional species, such as nonhuman primates (NHPs). The purpose of this study was to describe trends in sample submission for bacterial culture, characterize patterns of microbial growth and any changes in AMR and susceptibility over time, and inform best practices for veterinary antimicrobial stewardship in a captively-housed, indoor NHP colony.

Isolation of Diverse Simian Arteriviruses Causing Hemorrhagic Disease.

Genetically diverse simian arteriviruses (simarteriviruses) naturally infect geographically and phylogenetically diverse monkeys, and cross-species transmission and emergence are of considerable concern. Characterization of most simarteriviruses beyond sequence analysis has not been possible because the viruses fail to propagate in the laboratory. We attempted to isolate 4 simarteriviruses, Kibale red colobus virus 1, Pebjah virus, simian hemorrhagic fever virus, and Southwest baboon virus 1, by inoculating an immortalized grivet cell line (known to replicate simian hemorrhagic fever virus), primary macaque cells, macrophages derived from macaque induced pluripotent stem cells, and mice engrafted with macaque CD34+-enriched hematopoietic stem cells.

Survival by sex and HIV status in patients with anal cancer in the USA between 2001 and 2019: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The risk of anal cancer is increased among people with HIV, particularly men who have sex with men. Estimating survival by HIV status and sex and identifying groups at high risk is crucial for documenting prognostic differences between populations. We aimed to compare all-cause and anal cancer-specific survival in patients with anal cancer with and without HIV, stratified by sex, and to identify predictors of survival, stratified by HIV status.

Microstructural changes of peripheral nerves in early multiple sclerosis: A prospective magnetic resonance neurography study.

Background And Purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). However, there is increasing evidence of peripheral nerve involvement. This study aims to characterize the pattern of peripheral nerve changes in patients with newly diagnosed MS using quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) neurography.

Barriers to g Testing in High-Risk HER2-Negative Early Breast Cancer.

Despite the OlympiA trial demonstrating that early-stage, high-risk, HER2- germline and mutation (g) positive breast cancer patients can benefit from PARPi in the adjuvant setting, the g testing rate in early-stage HR+/HER2- patients remains suboptimal compared to that in early-stage TNBC patients. To better understand the perceived barriers associated with g testing in HR+/HER2- disease, a quantitative survey was conducted across stakeholders ( = 430) including medical oncologists, surgeons, nurses, physician assistants, payers, and patients. This study revealed that while payers claim to cover g testing, poor clinician documentation and overutilization are key challenges.

Peripheral nerve involvement in hereditary spastic paraplegia characterized by quantitative magnetic resonance neurography.

Background And Objectives: Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are heterogenous genetic disorders. While peripheral nerve involvement is frequent in spastic paraplegia 7 (SPG7), the evidence of peripheral nerve involvement in SPG4 is more controversial. We aimed to characterize lower extremity peripheral nerve involvement in SPG4 and SPG7 by quantitative magnetic resonance neurography (MRN).

Teaching vulval anatomy in the twenty-first century: The Australian experience.

Anatomy has often been regarded as an immutable discipline where everything that needs to be known is known. This article focuses on the teaching of vulval anatomy, the diversification of gender in contemporary society, and the increasing popularity of the Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery (FGCS) industry. The binary language and singular structural arrangements contained in lectures and chapters on "female genital anatomy" are nowadays rendered exclusive and incomplete.

Simultaneous Multislice Accelerated TSE for Improved Spatiotemporal Resolution and Diagnostic Accuracy in Magnetic Resonance Neurography: A Feasibility Study.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the utility of simultaneous multislice (SMS) acceleration for routine magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) at 3 T.

Materials And Methods: Patients with multiple sclerosis underwent MRN of the sciatic nerve consisting of a standard fat-saturated T2-weighted turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence using integrated parallel acquisition technique (PAT2) acceleration and 2 T2 TSE sequences using a combination of PAT-SMS acceleration (1) to reduce scan time (PAT2-SMS2; SMS-TSE FAST ) and (2) for time neutral increase of in-plane resolution (PAT1-SMS2; SMS-TSE HR ). Acquisition times were 5:29 minutes for the standard T2 TSE, 3:12 minutes for the SMS-TSE FAST , and 5:24 minutes for the SMS-TSE HR .

Quantification and Proximal-to-Distal Distribution Pattern of Tibial Nerve Lesions in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis : Assessment by MR Neurography.

Purpose: Recent studies suggest an involvement of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we characterize the proximal-to-distal distribution pattern of peripheral nerve lesions in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) by quantitative magnetic resonance neurography (MRN).

Methods: A total of 35 patients with RRMS were prospectively included and underwent detailed neurologic and electrophysiologic examinations.

Methadone prescribed as an analgesic by a specialist palliative medicine team in an acute hospital inpatient setting: retrospective study.

Unlabelled: Emerging evidence suggests that methadone has a specific role in the management of treatment resistant cancer-related pain.

Objectives: To investigate the utilisation pattern, safety and efficacy of methadone prescribed as an analgesic for the management of complex cancer-related pain in an acute hospital inpatient setting.

Methods: A retrospective longitudinal observational study of patients prescribed methadone as an analgesic between April 2020 and July 2021 was performed.

Peripheral Nerve Involvement at First Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis: A Prospective MR Neurography Study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess peripheral nerve involvement in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) at first clinical presentation using quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) neurography in correlation with clinical, laboratory, electrophysiological, and central nervous MR imaging data.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective monocentric study, 30 patients first diagnosed with MS according to the McDonald criteria (19 women; mean age, 32.4 ± 8.

Impact of HIV on Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Rates in the United States, 2001-2015.

Background: Incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has increased in the United States. People living with HIV (PLWH) have an elevated risk of anal SCC, and changes in the number of anal SCCs among PLWH may have influenced general population trends.

Methods: Data were obtained from a linkage of HIV and cancer registries in 12 US regions.

New context, new content-Rethinking genital anatomy in textbooks.

It has been widely claimed that reductions in allocated teaching time and the widespread implementation of short-cut teaching methodologies have led to a shortfall in anatomy knowledge among graduating doctors. This decline in knowledge is evident in the failure of anatomy content to prepare graduates for contemporary clinical practice. The implications for postgraduate surgical training are addressed in the numerous extracurricular anatomy courses available to surgical candidates.

Racial disparities in mortality outcomes among women diagnosed with breast cancer in Maryland: Impact of cardiovascular disease and clinical characteristics.

Background: Although racial disparities in breast cancer (BC) mortality have been well documented in the United States, little is known about the impact of coexisting cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other clinical factors on Black-White survival disparities after the diagnosis of BC. This study examined the associations of race, CVD, and clinical factors at diagnosis with the hazard of BC and CVD-related mortality among patients with BC identified from the Maryland Cancer Registry.

Methods: A total of 36,088 women (25,181 Whites and 10,907 Blacks) diagnosed with incident invasive BC between 2007 and 2017 were included.

Racialized Economic Segregation and Breast Cancer Mortality among Women in Maryland.

Background: Our objective was to determine the association between racialized economic segregation and the hazard of breast cancer mortality in Maryland.

Methods: Among 35,066 women (24,540 White; 10,526 Black) diagnosed with incident invasive breast cancer in Maryland during 2007 to 2017, exposure to racialized economic segregation was measured at the census tract level using Index of Concentration at the Extremes metrics. HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression for the association between racialized economic segregation and the hazard of breast cancer mortality, accounting for clustering at the census tract level.

Previous exposure to dengue virus is associated with increased Zika virus burden at the maternal-fetal interface in rhesus macaques.

Concerns have arisen that pre-existing immunity to dengue virus (DENV) could enhance Zika virus (ZIKV) disease, due to the homology between ZIKV and DENV and the observation of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) among DENV serotypes. To date, no study has examined the impact of pre-existing DENV immunity on ZIKV pathogenesis during pregnancy in a translational non-human primate model. Here we show that macaques with a prior DENV-2 exposure had a higher burden of ZIKV vRNA in maternal-fetal interface tissues as compared to DENV-naive macaques.

Reference Intervals for Total T4 and Free T4 in Cynomolgus Macaques () and Rhesus Macaques ().

Thyroid diseases, associated with either increased or decreased concentrations of circulating thyroid hormones, are prevalent in both human and veterinary populations. Hypothyroidism is a differential diagnosis for many medical problems as the disease presents with nonspecific clinical signs that can include lethargy, weight gain, cold intolerance, and dermatologic manifestations such as alopecia. Alopecia is a frequently reported problem in captive nonhuman primates (NHP), and hypothyroidism is considered to be a differential diagnosis.

R-scale for pulmonary fibrosis: a simple, visual tool for the assessment of health-related quality of life.

Rationale: Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) experience impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Several tools have been developed to objectively assess HRQoL in this patient population, but none are in use in routine clinical practice.

Objectives: To develop a rapid, specific tool that can be used for patients with IPF during routine clinic visits.

African-Lineage Zika Virus Replication Dynamics and Maternal-Fetal Interface Infection in Pregnant Rhesus Macaques.

Following the Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in the Americas, ZIKV was causally associated with microcephaly and a range of neurological and developmental symptoms, termed congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). The viruses responsible for this outbreak belonged to the Asian lineage of ZIKV. However, and studies assessing the pathogenesis of African-lineage ZIKV demonstrated that African-lineage isolates often replicated to high titers and caused more-severe pathology than Asian-lineage isolates.

Cervical cancer incidence stratified by age in women with HIV compared with the general population in the United States, 2002-2016.

Objective: Recommendations for the age of initiating screening for cervical cancer in women with HIV (WWH) in the United States have not changed since 1995 when all women (regardless of immune status) were screened for cervical cancer from the age of onset of sexual activity, which often occurs in adolescence. By 2009, recognizing the lack of benefit as well as harms in screening young women, guidelines were revised to initiate cervical cancer screening for the general population at age 21 years. By comparing cervical cancer incidence in young WWH to that of the general population, we assessed the potential for increasing the recommended age of initiating cervical cancer screening in WWH.

Development and validation of an early warning tool for sepsis and decompensation in children during emergency department triage.

This study was designed to develop and validate an early warning system for sepsis based on a predictive model of critical decompensation. Data from the electronic medical records for 537,837 visits to a pediatric Emergency Department (ED) from March 2013 to December 2019 were collected. A multiclass stochastic gradient boosting model was built to identify early warning signs associated with death, severe sepsis, non-severe sepsis, and bacteremia.