Control of neuronal excitability by Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors.

Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors couple through G proteins to regulate a large number of cell functions. Eight mGlu receptor isoforms have been cloned and classified into three Groups based on sequence, signal transduction mechanisms and pharmacology. This review will focus on Group I mGlu receptors, comprising the isoforms mGlu and mGlu.

Ryanodine and inositol triphosphate receptors modulate facilitation and tetanic depression at the frog neuromuscular junction.

Introduction: Short-term plasticity of synaptic function is an important physiological control of transmitter release. Short-term plasticity can be regulated by intracellular calcium released by ryanodine and inositol triphosphate (IP3) receptors, but the role of these receptors at the neuromuscular junction is understood incompletely.

Methods: We measured short-term plasticity of evoked endplate potential (EPP) amplitudes from frog neuromuscular junctions treated with ryanodine, 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane (2-APB), or 1-[6-[[(17β)-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl]amino]hexyl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (U- 73122).

Sublethal effect of concentrations of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok on the larval stage and immunologic characteristics of Diatraea flavipennella (BOX) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).

This work aimed to evaluate the effects of Metarhizium anisopliae on Diatraea flavipennella and investigate their immune response. Was observed the effect of M. anisopliae against larvae of D.