Prophylactic antibiotic use is common in dogs and cats presenting for procedures at veterinary referral dental practices.

Objective: Antimicrobial stewardship is critical for the prevention of antimicrobial resistance. A lack of prescribing guidelines makes overprescribing in veterinary dentistry likely and represents an opportunity for improvement of stewardship practices. This study described prescribing practices of residency-trained and board-certified veterinary dentists for dogs and cats undergoing dental procedures.

Dietary Features Are Associated with Differences in the Urinary Microbiome in Clinically Healthy Adult Dogs.

Nutrition plays an important role in shaping the gut microbiome composition, although the impact of diet on the urinary microbiome (i.e., urobiome) remains unknown.

Animal drug shortages limit veterinary therapeutic options and introduce artifacts in antimicrobial sales reporting.

Supply chain issues disrupt veterinary care and cause downstream consequences that alter the practice of veterinary medicine. Antimicrobials are just 1 class of pharmaceuticals that have been impacted by supply chain issues over the last couple of years. Since February 2021, 2 sponsors/manufacturers of penicillin products have reported shortages in the active pharmaceutical ingredient.

Antimicrobial resistance: should vets have prescriber autonomy or formulary restriction in small animal practice?

Fergus Allerton and Jennifer Granick discuss the different approaches to antimicrobial stewardship and the potential implications of the 'carrot' (enablement) versus 'stick' (legislative change) strategies.

Variation in knowledge, attitude, and practices toward antibiotic use among diplomates of the American Veterinary Dental College: a survey-based study.

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward antibiotic use among board-certified veterinary dentists.

Sample: 104 veterinarians board certified by the American Veterinary Dental College.

Methods: A 30-question survey was generated from an online platform and sent via email listserv to board-certified veterinary dentists.

Prevalence of antibiotic use for dogs and cats in United States veterinary teaching hospitals, August 2020.

Background: Awareness of prescribing practices helps identify opportunities to improve antibiotic use (AU).

Objectives: To estimate AU prevalence in dogs and cats in U.S.

The impact of urine collection method on canine urinary microbiota detection: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The urinary tract harbors unique microbial communities that play important roles in urogenital health and disease. Dogs naturally suffer from several of the same urological disorders as humans (e.g.

Minnesota One Health Antibiotic Stewardship Collaborative: A Reproducible Approach to Facilitate Antimicrobial Stewardship Progress.

The Minnesota One Health Antibiotic Stewardship Collaborative (MOHASC) was launched in 2016 with the mission of providing a collaborative environment to promote judicious antibiotic use and antibiotic stewardship (AS) and to reduce the impact of antibiotic-resistant pathogens of human, animal, and environmental health importance. MOHASC goals include improving AS programs in healthcare and veterinary medicine, advancing understanding of environmental impacts of antibiotic use, and promoting a One Health (OH) approach to AS. These goals are accomplished through quarterly meetings of 4 work groups, field trips, collaborative research, an annual member meeting, and public education events.

Characterization of the urogenital microbiome in Miniature Schnauzers with and without calcium oxalate urolithiasis.

Background: Calcium oxalate (CaOx) uroliths are common in dogs. Humans with CaOx urolithiasis exhibit alterations of the urinary and urogenital microbiomes that might mediate urolith formation. Detection of urogenital microbes associated with CaOx in dogs could inform disease pathophysiology.

A quarterly Survey of antibiotic prescribing in small animal and equine practices-Minnesota and North Dakota, 2020.

Antimicrobials are critical for medicine, but the problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens the effectiveness of these valuable drugs. In USA, there are no national- or state-level programs or policies in place to track antibiotic use (AU) in dogs, cats, and horses, despite acknowledgement of this sector's importance to both the AMR problem and its solution. AU measurement is a key part of antibiotic stewardship and AMR prevention.

Evaluation of various sample sources for the cytologic diagnosis of Cytauxzoon felis.

Background: Cytauxzoon felis is a life-threatening protozoan disease of cats. Identification of schizont-laden macrophages is a point-of-care diagnostic test for acute cytauxzoonosis.

Hypothesis/objectives: The primary objective determined cytologic agreement between sample types to diagnose acute cytauxzoonosis.

Serial point-prevalence surveys to estimate antibiotic use in a small animal veterinary teaching hospital, November 2018 to October 2019.

Background: There is no standardized methodology to measure antibiotic drug use (AU) in small animal veterinary hospitals.

Objectives: To estimate AU prevalence in a small animal veterinary teaching hospital and characterize usage by indication and evidence of infection. To establish an AU measurement methodology for veterinary settings.

Monitoring of large B-cell lymphoma and T-zone lymphoma in a dog via flow cytometry.

A 12-y-old, castrated male Pomeranian dog was presented because of mandibular lymph node (LN) enlargement. Physical examination and a complete blood count revealed generalized lymphadenopathy and moderate lymphocytosis. Fine-needle aspirate cytology revealed expansion of medium lymphocytes in the right mandibular LN and expansion of large lymphocytes in the left popliteal LN.

Percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy drainage in a dog with extrahepatic biliary obstruction secondary to pancreatitis.

Case Description: An 8-year-old 36.3-kg (79.9-lb) spayed female Rottweiler was evaluated because of anorexia and vomiting.

Diagnosis of canine renal lymphoma by cytology and flow cytometry of the urine.

Lymphoma is a common hematopoietic neoplasm of dogs. A definitive diagnosis typically requires the collection of samples via fine-needle aspirate or biopsy. A unique case of canine renal T-cell lymphoma diagnosed using urine sediment microscopy with flow cytometry and PCR for Antigen Receptor Rearrangement (PARR) is presented.

Comparison of immediate versus delayed streak plate inoculation on urine bacterial culture and susceptibility testing in dogs and cats.

Background: Quantitative bacterial culture and susceptibility testing is the gold standard diagnostic for determining bacterial urinary tract infection. Transport of samples to external reference laboratories is common practice in veterinary medicine.

Objective: To compare bacterial culture and susceptibility results from clinical urine samples when streak plate inoculation is performed immediately after sample collection versus after transport to a reference laboratory.

Retrospective evaluation of factors associated with degree of esophagitis, treatment, and outcomes in dogs presenting with esophageal foreign bodies (2004-2014): 114 cases.

Objective: To characterize a population of dogs presenting for esophageal foreign body removal and evaluate factors associated with degree of esophagitis and minor and major complications.

Design: Retrospective evaluation of dogs who presented for esophageal foreign body removal between January 2004 and December 2014.

Setting: University veterinary teaching hospital.

ACVIM consensus statement on the diagnosis of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs and cats.

Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs. IMHA also occurs in cats, although less commonly. IMHA is considered secondary when it can be attributed to an underlying disease, and as primary (idiopathic) if no cause is found.

Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in dogs with stable or progressive kidney disease.

Background: Active kidney injury may play a role in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in dogs. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a novel tubular kidney injury biomarker, may help differentiate progressive CKD from stable CKD in dogs.

Objectives: To determine if urinary NGAL : creatinine ratio (UNCR) differentiates stable and progressive CKD in dogs.

Long-lived and short-lived reactive species produced by a cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet for the inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.

Different chemical pathways leading to the inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus by a cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) in buffered and non-buffered solutions are reported. As APPJs produce a complex mixture of reactive species in solution, a comprehensive set of diagnostics were used to assess the liquid phase chemistry. This includes absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in addition to a scavenger study to assess the relative importance of the various plasma produced species involved in the inactivation of bacteria.

Histologic and Ultrastructural Findings in Dogs With Chronic Respiratory Disease Suspected of Ciliary Dyskinesia.

Mucociliary clearance is a main defense mechanism of the respiratory tract, which can be inherently impaired in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) or reversibly altered in secondary ciliary dyskinesia (SCD). Limited diagnostic test availability likely leads to misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis of PCD in animals. This study evaluated the light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) changes in the respiratory mucosa of 15 dogs with chronic respiratory disease suspected of PCD.