Does price disclosure in pharmaceutical advertising result in price transparency? Evidence from a randomized experiment.

Background: Policies that mandate list price disclosure in direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertising (DTCPA) cite price transparency among the benefits. The expectation is that price transparency will lead to changes in consumer behavior that will ultimately lower healthcare costs.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the impact of price transparency on perceived level of information and consumer behaviors, specifically intentions to seek treatment and intentions to comparison shop.

Attention to price disclosures in direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising and the impact on drug perceptions.

Background: Mandatory disclosure of the price of prescription drugs within direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertisements (DTCA) has been proposed as a potential means of curbing rising drug costs in the United States. While price transparency in DTCA has widespread public support, empirical evidence regarding the effects of such drug prices disclosures remains limited.

Objectives: This study assessed the degree to which a price disclosure was noticed, the individual characteristics associated with price disclosure recognition, and the impact on perceived drug affordability, effectiveness, and safety.

Mental Health Literacy Affects Mental Health Attitude: Is There a Gender Difference?

In the current study, we aimed to compare the levels of and factors associated with mental health attitude between males and females. Of particular interest was ascertaining the degree to which mental health literacy was related to mental health attitude and whether this relationship would vary by gender. A total of 732 participants aged 18 years or more were recruited from attendees at the 2016 Minnesota State Fair.

Is health literacy associated with mental health literacy? Findings from Mental Health Literacy Scale.

Purpose: This study aims to measure associated factors of Mental Health Literacy (MHL) among Minnesotans by using the Mental Health Literacy Scale and Andersen's Health Behavior Model.

Design And Methods: This study utilized cross-sectional survey data with 732 participants.

Findings: Participants in higher education groups showed higher MHL levels than those who have less education.

The Use of Narratives to Deliver Information in Direct-To-Consumer Prescription Drug Commercials: A Content Analysis.

Information communicated through a narrative format is typically processed and evaluated differently compared to non-narrative formats. Therefore, differences in the use of narratives across various information categories within direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertisements (DTCA) could have significant implications for consumers' processing of that information. Such differences could have further implications regarding the "fair balance" rule put forth by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

An Updated Analysis of Direct-to-Consumer Television Advertisements for Prescription Drugs.

Purpose: In 2015, the American Medical Association called for a ban of direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) for prescription drugs. Yet, the pharmaceutical industry spends more than ever on broadcast advertisements, with national health care costs largely driven by drug spending. An evaluation of these ads is critical, as these advertisements can impact the frequency which patients ask their doctors about medications.

The Moderating Role of Age in Responses to Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising.

Age is an important factor that can influence processing of and response to health messages. Many studies examining evaluations of and responses to direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising (DTCA) have incorporated age as a predictor variable, moderating variable, or sample criterion. However, findings have been inconsistent.

Factors associated with the persuasiveness of direct-to-consumer advertising on HPV vaccination among young women.

This quantitative study explored young women's response to direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertising (DTCA) for a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. In particular, the study examined (a) the association of factors stemming from consumer research with actual and intended behavioral responses to DTCA for HPV and (b) key elements drawn from commonly used health-related theories to determine the strongest associations with behavioral intentions regarding the HPV vaccine. Survey findings showed that vaccinated women indicated that DTCA played a role in their decision to get vaccinated against HPV more so than those who were not vaccinated.

Consumers young and old: segmenting the target markets for direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising.

Direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertising (DTCA) studies have typically focused on older adults or a general population of adults. However, college students are viable targets for DTCA and are receiving more research attention in this area. In this article, we compare college students with two adult age segments.

Representation of African Americans in direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical commercials: a content analysis with implications for health disparities.

While direct-to-consumer (DTC) pharmaceutical drug advertising has been the center of controversy, proponents argue these ads provide educational and social benefits. This study explores the potential of these ads to address one of the proposed social benefits of reducing racial health disparities, particularly for African Americans. To examine this issue, a content analysis was conducted on DTC pharmaceutical television commercials assessing the presence and role portrayal of Black models in the ads.