Implementation and Evaluation of Cultural Safety Initiatives in Australian Hospital Settings: A Scoping Review.

Introduction: The aim of this scoping review was to synthesize and summarize existing evidence for implementing and evaluating Cultural Safety initiatives in Australian hospitals for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. The rationale for this work was to establish guidelines for best practice in providing culturally safe care across hospital and health services.

Methodology: A systematic search guided by PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews was conducted across five databases: CINAHL, Scopus, MEDLINE, Embase, and Informit.

Characterisation of autophagy induction by the thiopurine drugs azathioprine, mercaptopurine and thioguanine in THP-1 macrophages.

Activating autophagy may be therapeutically beneficial, and we have previously shown that azathioprine (AZA), an immunomodulatory drug, induces autophagy. Here, we evaluated the induction of autophagy by the thiopurines AZA, mercaptopurine (6-MP) and thioguanine (6-TG) in THP-1 macrophages and investigated the mechanism of action in the context of this cellular process. The cytotoxicity of thiopurines was evaluated using an LDH assay.

Factors that support children and young people to express their views and to have them heard in healthcare: An inductive qualitative content analysis.

Despite development of healthcare charters supporting Article 12 of The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, children and young people remain largely silenced in discussions about their healthcare. This article is based on the premise that children and young people should be able to exercise their right to express their views and be heard in all matters that affect their lives. This study examined children's and young people's experiences of expressing their views and having them heard in an Australian healthcare context.

Brief parenting intervention (Triple P) for families of children with eczema: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and costs of a brief, group-delivered parenting intervention for families of children with eczema.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial design was used. Families attending the Queensland Children's Hospital and from the community (n = 257) were assessed for eligibility (child 2-10 years, diagnosed with eczema, prescribed topical corticosteroids).

Associations between nurse characteristics, institutional characteristics and perceived nurse knowledge and self-efficacy of reporting suspected child abuse and neglect.

Aim: To determine the association between nurse and institutional characteristics and perceived professional nurse knowledge and self-efficacy of reporting child abuse and neglect.

Design: A sample of N = 166 nurses were recruited to respond to the Reporting of Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect (RSCAN) survey.

Methods: A multiple linear regression examined whether nurse characteristics and institutional characteristics were associated with the two RSCAN survey domain scores.

Children's and young people's experiences of expressing their views and having them heard in health care: A deductive qualitative content analysis.

Aim: To gain an understanding of children's experiences of expressing their views and having them heard in Australian healthcare settings.

Design: Child-centred qualitative research. A deductive qualitative content analysis was undertaken.

Development and psychometric evaluation of the reporting suspected child abuse and neglect (RSCAN) scale for United States registered nurses.

Purpose: In the United States (US), nurses have a mandated duty to report child abuse and neglect (CAN). Despite comprising the highest proportion of the US healthcare workforce, limited research has explored the institutional barriers they face in reporting suspected CAN. Furthermore, there is no existing valid and reliable measure of reporting relevant to US.

Engagement and Retention of Families in Universal Australian Nurse-Home-Visiting Services: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Family support is offered to Australian parents of young children using a mix of targeted and universal child and family health services including nurse-home-visiting programmes. These rely on the voluntary engagement of families. In this study, the capacity to engage and retain families, including those at risk of becoming involved with child protection services, was examined.

Implementation of a Standardized Premedication Bundle to Improve Procedure Success for Nonemergent Neonatal Intubations.

Unlabelled: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends premedication for all nonemergent neonatal intubations, yet there remains significant variation in this practice nationally. We aimed to standardize our unit's premedication practices for improved intubation success and reduced adverse events.

Methods: The study workgroup developed educational material and protocol content.

The Daalbirrwirr Gamambigu (Safe Children) Model: Embedding Cultural Safety in Child Protection Responses for Australian Aboriginal Children in Hospital Settings.

The aim of this paper is to describe the development of a model of care to embed cultural safety for Aboriginal children into paediatric hospital settings. The Daalbirrwirr Gamambigu (pronounced "Dahl-beer-weer gum-um-be-goo" in the Gumbaynggirr language means 'safe children') model encompasses child protection responses at clinical, managerial and organisational levels of health services. A review of scholarly articles and grey literature followed by qualitative interviews with Aboriginal health professionals formed the evidence base for the model, which then underwent rounds of consultation for cultural suitability and clinical utility.

Seeing Infrared: Breast Cancer, Inuit, and the Extractive Colonality of Disease Distributions and Diagnostic Imaging Technologies.

This article considers how epidemiology has functioned as a form of resource extraction by tracing the work of Dr. Ray Newton Lawson, the founder of breast thermography and one of the first researchers to track breast cancer incidence within circumpolar Canada. By showing how Lawson was able to transform his ideas and observations about Inuit breast cancer risk into something medically, professionally, and financially useful, this article highlights the politics of epidemiological knowledge production, and the long-standing tendency of researchers to view Indigenous lands and bodies as “raw materials” to be exploited.

Rendering Inuit cancer "visible": Geography, pathology, and nosology in Arctic cancer research.

In August of 1977, Australian pathologist David W. Buntine delivered a presentation at the Annual Meeting of the Royal College of Pathologists of Australia in Melbourne, Victoria. In this presentation, he used the diagnostic category of "Eskimoma," to describe a unique set of salivary gland tumors he had observed over the past five years within Winnipeg's Health Sciences Center.

Seizing the Means of Reproduction? Canada, Cancer Screening, and the Colonial History of the Cytopipette.

In recent years, self-sampling has emerged as a compelling way of increasing cervical cancer screening rates within First Nations, Inuit and Métis communities. By allowing women to take their own samples in private, when and where they are most comfortable, home testing kits have been framed as a new, unequivocally feminist technology, and a panacea in Indigenous health. But are these techniques really as ethical and empowering as they have been made out to be? To answer this question, this article traces the history of the uptake and use of cervical cancer screening technologies in Canada.

Precision Medicine and the Role of Biomarkers of Radiotherapy Response in Breast Cancer.

Radiotherapy remains an important treatment modality in nearly two thirds of all cancers, including the primary curative or palliative treatment of breast cancer. Unfortunately, largely due to tumor heterogeneity, tumor radiotherapy response rates can vary significantly, even between patients diagnosed with the same tumor type. Although in recent years significant technological advances have been made in the way radiation can be precisely delivered to tumors, it is proving more difficult to personalize radiotherapy regimens based on cancer biology.

Validity and reliability of the psychometric properties of a child abuse questionnaire.

Background: Few valid and reliable measures of professional self-efficacy and its influence on reporting child abuse and neglect (CAN) are available.

Aim: To test the psychometric properties of the Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Self-Efficacy (CANRSE) (English) questionnaire.

Discussion: The Psychometric Grading Framework graded the strength of the psychometric properties of CANRSE (English) as 'good'.

hASH1 nuclear localization persists in neuroendocrine transdifferentiated prostate cancer cells, even upon reintroduction of androgen.

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is thought to arise as prostate adenocarcinoma cells transdifferentiate into neuroendocrine (NE) cells to escape potent anti-androgen therapies however, the exact molecular events accompanying NE transdifferentiation and their plasticity remain poorly defined. Cell fate regulator ASCL1/hASH1's expression was markedly induced in androgen deprived (AD) LNCaP cells and prominent nuclear localisation accompanied acquisition of the NE-like morphology and expression of NE markers (NSE). By contrast, androgen-insensitive PC3 and DU145 cells displayed clear nuclear hASH1 localisation under control conditions that was unchanged by AD, suggesting AR signalling negatively regulated hASH1 expression and localisation.

An evaluation of training to prepare nurses in a home-based service to care for children and families.

Evaluation of training was conducted for a paediatric hospital-in-the-home service in Sydney, Australia. Community nurses with no paediatric training or experience were employed and undertook a training program. The aim was to assess the degree to which the training had prepared them to care for children and families in their homes.

Establishing a framework for listening to children in healthcare.

The principle that children and young people are capable of forming their own views, have the right to express those views, and are entitled to have those views taken seriously was introduced by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) in 1989. The implications for the delivery of healthcare are clear; however, children and young people continue to experience difficulty in having their views heard and taken seriously during healthcare encounters and the effectiveness of the UNCRC, in particular Article 12 appears to be limited. This article will discuss how, 30 years on, significant barriers continue to impede the full implementation of Article 12.

Clinical Utility of Circulating Tumour Cell Androgen Receptor Splice Variant-7 Status in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.

Background: Detection of androgen receptor splice variant-7 (AR-V7) mRNA in circulating tumour cells (CTCs) is associated with worse outcome in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, studies rarely report comparisons with CTC counts and biopsy AR-V7 protein expression.

Objective: To determine the reproducibility of AdnaTest CTC AR-V7 testing, and associations with clinical characteristics, CellSearch CTC counts, tumour biopsy AR-V7 protein expression and overall survival (OS).

The evaluation of a home-based paediatric nursing service: concept and design development using the Kirkpatrick model.

Background: A new paediatric hospital-in-the-home nursing service required evaluation.

Aims: To determine whether the education and training provided for nursing staff employed in the service was effective.

Methods: This paper presents the way in which a training evaluation model supported the design and evaluation of a training programme for registered nurses working in an out-of-hospital, home-based nursing service for paediatric patients.

Silver nanoparticles promote the emergence of heterogeneic human neutrophil sub-populations.

Neutrophil surveillance is central to nanoparticle clearance. Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have numerous uses, however conflicting evidence exists as to their impact on neutrophils and whether they trigger damaging inflammation. Neutrophil's importance in innate defence and regulating immune networks mean it's essential we understand AgNP's impact on neutrophil function.

Exploring the meaning and practice of self-care among palliative care nurses and doctors: a qualitative study.

Background: Self-care practice within the palliative care workforce is often discussed, yet seemingly under-researched. While palliative care professionals are required to implement and maintain effective self-care strategies, there appears little evidence to guide them. Moreover, there is an apparent need to clarify the meaning of self-care in palliative care practice.

Examining self-care, self-compassion and compassion for others: a cross-sectional survey of palliative care nurses and doctors.

Unlabelled: This study examined levels of, and relationships between, self-care ability, self-compassion, and compassion among palliative care nurses and doctors.

Methods: A total of 369 participants across Australia completed a cross-sectional survey comprising a demographic questionnaire and outcome measures for each variable. Descriptive and inferential statistics were analysed, controlling for potential social-desirability bias.