Examining body dissatisfaction in young men within a biopsychosocial framework.

This study examined biopsychosocial factors related to body dissatisfaction in young men within multivariate and moderator contexts. A female sample was included as a gender comparison. Male (n=111) and female (n=236) undergraduates filled out self-report questionnaires assessing body mass index (BMI), media influence, a history of weight-related teasing, and socially prescribed perfectionism, along with various indices of body dissatisfaction.

Awareness of the role of physical activity in colon cancer prevention.

Objective: This study examined the prevalence and correlates of U.S. adults' awareness of the role that physical activity plays in preventing colon cancer.

A global assessment of salmon aquaculture impacts on wild salmonids.

Since the late 1980s, wild salmon catch and abundance have declined dramatically in the North Atlantic and in much of the northeastern Pacific south of Alaska. In these areas, there has been a concomitant increase in the production of farmed salmon. Previous studies have shown negative impacts on wild salmonids, but these results have been difficult to translate into predictions of change in wild population survival and abundance.

Declining wild salmon populations in relation to parasites from farm salmon.

Rather than benefiting wild fish, industrial aquaculture may contribute to declines in ocean fisheries and ecosystems. Farm salmon are commonly infected with salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis), which are native ectoparasitic copepods. We show that recurrent louse infestations of wild juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), all associated with salmon farms, have depressed wild pink salmon populations and placed them on a trajectory toward rapid local extinction.

Screening adult survivors of childhood cancer with the distress thermometer: a comparison with the SCL-90-R.

As the number of cancer survivors continues to grow, identification of brief, valid psychological screening measures will be a critical step in providing them with appropriate psychosocial care. The distress thermometer (DT) is a one-item distress screening that is recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) for screening cancer patients, but has not been evaluated for cancer survivors. This study evaluated the validity of the DT compared to the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) in a sample of 119 adult survivors of childhood cancer aged 18-45 (median=23.

Influence of atazanavir 200 mg on the intracellular and plasma pharmacokinetics of saquinavir and ritonavir 1600/100 mg administered once daily in HIV-infected patients.

Objectives: To examine cellular and plasma concentrations of atazanavir when given in combination with saquinavir/ritonavir in HIV+ patients.

Methods: Twelve HIV+ patients were receiving saquinavir/atazanavir/ritonavir 1600/200/100 mg once daily and venous blood samples were taken to determine cellular and plasma concentrations of each protease inhibitor at 2, 6, 12 and 24 h. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated by density gradient centrifugation.

Predictors of perceived risk for colon cancer in a national probability sample in the United States.

This study examines potential predictors of perceived risk for colon cancer in a U.S. sample of 2,949 individuals aged 45 and older with no colon cancer history.

Knowledge of colon cancer screening in a national probability sample in the United States.

This study examined colon cancer screening knowledge and potential covariates (demographic, health, health care, and cancer information seeking) among adults of at least 45 years of age. Data were analyzed from the 2003 National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 2003), a U.S.

Characterization of DC-SIGN/R interaction with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 and ICAM molecules favors the receptor's role as an antigen-capturing rather than an adhesion receptor.

The dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3 (ICAM-3)-grabbing nonintegrin binding receptor (DC-SIGN) was shown to bind human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral envelope protein gp120 and proposed to function as a Trojan horse to enhance trans-virus infection to host T cells. To better understand the mechanism by which DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR selectively bind HIV-1 gp120, we constructed a series of deletion mutations in the repeat regions of both receptors. Different truncated receptors exist in different oligomeric forms.

Intracellular and plasma pharmacokinetics of saquinavir-ritonavir, administered at 1,600/100 milligrams once daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.

Ritonavir-boosted saquinavir (SQV/r) is currently licensed as a twice-daily regimen. Reducing the pill burden with once-daily dosing may improve adherence. Intracellular concentrations of drugs must be related to the clinical efficacy of protease inhibitors.

Participation in annual skin cancer screening among women seeking routine mammography.

Background: Early detection of skin cancer is associated with improved prognosis. The American Cancer Society's current skin cancer screening (SCS) recommendation states that adults over the age of 40 should receive an annual skin examination conducted by a health professional. However, little is known about the psychosocial factors related to participation in annual SCS, which remains relatively low among the general public.

Intracellular and plasma pharmacokinetics of nelfinavir and M8 in HIV-infected patients: relationship with P-glycoprotein expression.

One of the targets of antiretroviral therapy is within cells infected with HIV. In order to improve therapeutic efficacy, it is therefore important that the intracellular pharmacokinetics of drugs, such as nelfinavir mesylate and its active metabolite M8, are studied in addition to plasma pharmacokinetics. Previously, the intracellular accumulation of protease inhibitors has been reported in vivo, displaying the following hierarchy: nelfinavir > saquinavir > ritonavir > indinavir.

Muscarinic M2 antagonists: anthranilamide derivatives with exceptional selectivity and in vivo activity.

Anthranilamide analogues such as 23 are potent and highly selective muscarinic M2 antagonists that also show good oral bioavailability and in vivo activity.

Adherence to colorectal cancer screening in mammography-adherent older women.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer mortality among women. Screening can prevent the development of CRC or diagnose early disease when it can effectively be cured, however existing screening methods are underutilized. In this study, we examined the utility of an updated Health Belief Model to explain CRC screening adherence.

The effects of protease inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors on p-glycoprotein expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.

Several antiretroviral compounds have been shown to be substrates for the efflux protein P-glycoprotein (P-gp) although few studies have investigated the effects of drug on expression of this protein. Here, an in vitro system has been adopted to investigate the effects of protease inhibitors (PIs) and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) on P-gp expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PBMCs isolated from healthy volunteers were incubated with 10 or 100 microM PI (saquinavir, ritonavir, lopinavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, amprenavir) or 10 microM NNRTI (efavirenz, nevirapine) for 72 hours.

Effects of static magnets on chronic knee pain and physical function: a double-blind study.

Context: Static magnets have become an increasingly popular alternative therapy for individuals with musculoskeletal pain despite limited scientific evidence to support their efficacy or safety.

Objective: To determine the effects of static magnets on the pain and functional limitations associated with chronic knee pain due to degenerative joint disease.

Design: Double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial.

Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of M(2)-selective muscarinic receptor ligands in the 1-[4-(4-arylsulfonyl)-phenylmethyl]-4-(4-piperidinyl)-piperazine family.

The synthesis and muscarinic binding properties of compounds based on the 1-[4-(4-arylsulfonyl)phenylmethyl]-4-(1-aroyl-4-piperidinyl)-piperazine skeleton are described. For compounds, substituted with appropriately configured methyl groups at the benzylic center and at the piperazine 2-position, high levels of selective, M(2) subtype affinity could be obtained, particularly when the terminal N-aroyl residue was ortho-substituted.

Substrate binding determinants of Trypanosoma brucei gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase.

gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) catalyzes the ATP-dependent ligation of L-Glu and L-Cys, which is the first step in de novo biosynthesis of the tripeptide glutathione. Recently it was demonstrated that gamma-GCS is a structural homologue of glutamine synthetase (GS), providing the basis to build a model for the gamma-GCS active site [Abbott et al. (2001) J.