Homozygous ALS-linked FUS P525L mutations cell- autonomously perturb transcriptome profile and chemoreceptor signaling in human iPSC microglia.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal disease pathologically typified by motor and cortical neurodegeneration as well as microgliosis. The FUS P525L mutation is highly penetrant and causes ALS cases with earlier disease onset and more aggressive progression. To date, how P525L mutations may affect microglia during ALS pathogenesis had not been explored.

Butyrophilin-like 2 regulates site-specific adaptations of intestinal γδ intraepithelial lymphocytes.

Tissue-resident γδ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) orchestrate innate and adaptive immune responses to maintain intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. Epithelia-specific butyrophilin-like (Btnl) molecules induce perinatal development of distinct Vγ TCR IELs, however, the mechanisms that control γδ IEL maintenance within discrete intestinal segments are unclear. Here, we show that Btnl2 suppressed homeostatic proliferation of γδ IELs preferentially in the ileum.