Acceptability, usage, and efficacy of mindfulness apps for college student mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs.

Background: Preventing anxiety and depression among college students is a pressing public health need. Recent meta-analyses have examined mobile mindfulness interventions in adult populations; however, college students are in a unique developmental stage and institutional setting.

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished studies in English language on the acceptability, usage, and efficacy of mindfulness training apps on mental health among non-clinical samples of college students.

Adolescent experiences with online racial discrimination: Implications for prevention and coping.

Online aggression represents a wide range of negative experiences, including online discrimination targeting individuals based on race, but adolescent perspectives are not well-represented. We interviewed 15 adolescents regarding their experiences with online racial discrimination. After a phenomenological analysis, four main themes emerged: types of online racial aggression, processes supporting online racism, personal coping, and strategies to prevent online racial aggression.

Physical Activity Engagement: Perspectives From Adolescents With Comorbid Asthma and Overweight/Obesity and Their Caregivers.

Objective: Most adolescents do not meet physical activity (PA) guidelines, and engagement rates are even lower among adolescents with asthma and overweight/obesity (OW/OB). Understanding barriers and facilitators to PA engagement that are unique to youth with comorbid asthma and OW/OB is important for PA promotion. The current qualitative study identified caregiver- and adolescent-reported factors contributing to PA among adolescents with comorbid asthma and OW/OB across the four domains of the Pediatric Self-Management Model: individual, family, community, and health care system.

Adolescent risk and protection profiles for violence perpetration: Insights for family- and community-based prevention.

Youth violence continues to be a major developmental and health concern. Preventative resources at individual, family, and community levels may reduce risk, yet the extent to which youth violence perpetration differs by patterns of risk and protective factors remains unknown. Using data from the Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey (N = 4630; 49% female; M  = 14.

Parent-Based Prevention of Bullying and Cyberbullying During COVID-19 Social Distancing: A Pilot Intervention using the MOST Framework.

Parenting skills are important protective factors in the prevention of bullying and cyberbullying, yet few parent-based interventions have been developed and evaluated in this area. This pilot study examined participant responsiveness to and acceptability of an evidence-based parenting curriculum enhanced to address bullying and cyberbullying. Enhancements included intensive role playing, social emotional coaching, and media parenting.

Risk and Protective Factors for Physical Activity Engagement Among Adolescents With Comorbid Asthma and Obesity.

Objective: The current study identifies levels of physical activity (PA) engagement among adolescents with neither asthma nor overweight/obesity (OW/OB), one, or both conditions. Risk and protective factors are examined across groups.

Methods: Data from 8th, 9th, and 11th graders were obtained from the 2019 Minnesota Student Survey (N = 125,164).

Associations Between Weight-Based Bullying, Developmental Internal Assets, and Perceived Social Support Among Youth.

Background: Youth with obesity are likely to experience weight-based bullying victimization, and adolescents have the highest obesity rates among children. Factors that protect youth from traditional bullying victimization may protect youth from weight-based bullying victimization: internal assets such as positive identity and social competence, and external assets such as perceived support from parents and friends.

Methods: To examine this proposition, data from 8th, 9th, and 11th graders were obtained from the 2016 Minnesota Student Survey (N = 126,495).

The Dosage, Context, and Modality of Interventions to Prevent Cyberbullying Perpetration and Victimization: a Systematic Review.

Past reviews of cyberbullying preventative interventions have critiqued the field regarding scientific rigor, and a meta-analysis found that randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of such interventions were more effective than non-RCTs. However, no review has examined the risk of bias, dosage, modality, and delivery context of such programs to date. The current study addresses this gap through a systematic review of the literature.

Designing a Mobile App to Enhance Parenting Skills of Latinx Parents: A Community-Based Participatory Approach.

Background: Latinx families are among the highest users of smartphones, yet few health-focused Web programs have been developed for this audience. Parent-based smartphone apps designed for Latinx families may help increase access to evidence-informed parenting programming and ultimately reduce health disparities among children and adolescents. To maximize uptake of such apps, the Center for eHealth Research and Disease Management (CeHRes) Roadmap for electronic health (eHealth) development recommends 5 phases of development: (1) contextual inquiry, (2) value specification, (3) design, (4) operationalization, and (5) evaluation.

Profiles of Risk and Protection for Violence and Bullying Perpetration Among Adolescent Boys.

Background: Violence and bullying perpetration among boys are major public health problems. We address gaps in the literature by examining: (1) how risk and protective factors co-occur, and (2) how different risk/protection profiles are associated with violence and bullying perpetration among adolescent boys.

Methods: Data came from the population-based 2016 Minnesota Student Survey.

The Long-Term Effects of Time Use during High School on Positive Development.

This longitudinal study examines how the time that youth spend in activities during high school may contribute to positive or negative development in adolescence and in early adulthood. We draw on data from 1103 participants in the longitudinal Youth Development Study, followed from entry to high school to their mid-twenties. Controlling demographic, socioeconomic, and psychological influences, we estimate the effects of average time spent on homework, in extracurricular activities, and with friends during the four years of high school on outcomes measured in the final year of high school and twelve years later.

Finding Them a Spot: A Successful Preliminary Match Curriculum.

Purpose: Nondesignated preliminary residents (N-DPRs) in General Surgery face difficult challenges of overcoming failure to match and quickly reentering the match again with little time to significantly improve their application. Programs with N-DPRs should take seriously their responsibility for helping these residents obtain a successful career path just as they do for their categorical residents. This study evaluates an intervention to improve the matching of N-DPRs into desired positions.

Case Difficulty, Postgraduate Year, and Resident Surgeon Stress: Effects on Operative Times.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate resident operative times in relation to postgraduate year (PGY), case difficulty and resident stress while performing a single surgical procedure.

Design: We prospectively examined operative times for 268 laparoscopic cholecystectomies, and analyzed relationships between PGY, case difficulty, and resident surgeon stress utilizing electrodermal activity. Each case operative times were divided into 3 separate time periods.

Surgical Simulation: Markers of Proficiency.

Objective: Surgical simulation has become an integral component of surgical training. Simulation proficiency determination has been traditionally based upon time to completion of various simulated tasks. We aimed to determine objective markers of proficiency in surgical simulation by comparing novel assessments with conventional evaluations of technical skill.

Testing the Social Interaction Learning Model's Applicability to Adolescent Substance Misuse in an Australian Context.

Background: Parents and peers both influence the development of adolescent substance misuse, and the Social Interaction Learning (SIL) model provides a theoretical explanation of the paths through which this occurs.

Objective: The SIL model has primarily been tested with conduct outcomes and in US samples. This study adds to the literature by testing the SIL model with four substance use outcomes in a sample of Australian youth.

For Whom Do Parenting Interventions to Prevent Adolescent Substance Use Work?

Adolescent substance use continues to be a significant public health problem. Parent training interventions are effective preventive strategies to reduce youth substance use. However, little is known about differences in effectiveness for youth across demographic characteristics.

Surgical resident technical skill self-evaluation: increased precision with training progression.

Background: Surgical resident ability to accurately evaluate one's own skill level is an important part of educational growth. We aimed to determine if differences exist between self and observer technical skill evaluation of surgical residents performing a single procedure.

Materials And Methods: We prospectively enrolled 14 categorical general surgery residents (six post-graduate year [PGY] 1-2, three PGY 3, and five PGY 4-5).

Patterns of Bullying and Sexual Harassment: Connections with Parents and Teachers as Direct Protective Factors.

Involvement in bullying and sexual harassment in adolescence is associated with a variety of internalizing, externalizing, and health-risk behaviors. Yet, the two behaviors are often studied independently. The current study examined how bullying and sexual harassment co-occur and whether social connections protected youth from risk patterns.

Objective Measurement of Clinical Competency in Surgical Education Using Electrodermal Activity.

Objective: Within the realm of surgical education, there is a need for objective means to determine surgical competence and resident readiness to operate independently. We propose a novel, objective method of assessing resident confidence and clinical competence based on measurement of electrodermal activity (EDA) during live surgical procedures. We hypothesized that with progressive training, EDA responses to the stress of performing surgery would exhibit decline, elucidating an objective correlate of clinical competence.

Youth-Adult Connectedness:: A Key Protective Factor for Adolescent Health.

Over the past 30 years, prevention science in the adolescent health field has moved from interventions focused on preventing single problem behaviors to efforts employing a dual approach, addressing risk factors that predict problems while simultaneously nurturing protective factors and promoting positive development. Through an examination of previous research and empirical case examples with vulnerable youth, this article considers the hypothesis that adolescents' sense of connectedness to caring adults acts as a protective factor against a range of risk behaviors. Multivariate analyses with existing data examined indicators of youth-adult connectedness among two groups at high risk for poor health outcomes: (1) mentor-youth relationship quality in an urban, ethnically diverse sample of students in a school-based mentoring program (2014 survey, N=239); and (2) parent-youth connectedness in a statewide sample of high school students who reported homelessness in the past year (2013 survey, N=3,627).

Body image in transgender young people: Findings from a qualitative, community based study.

The goal of this study was to examine the ways in which transgender youth experience their bodies with regard to gender and body size. Ninety transgender youth and young adults completed in-depth interviews in eight metropolitan areas of the United States, Canada, and Ireland. Using a queer perspective, qualitative analyses revealed two broad conceptual categories: body dissatisfaction and body satisfaction.

If You Build It, Will They Come? Patterns of Internet-Based and Face-To-Face Participation in a Parenting Program for Military Families.

Background: Some evidence suggests parents are drawn to media-based interventions over face-to-face interventions, but little is known about the factors associated with parents' use of Internet-based or Internet-enhanced programs, especially among military families. Research is needed to understand characteristics of parents who may be most likely to use online components or attend face-to-face meetings in order to ensure maximum engagement.

Objective: In this study, we examined characteristics that predict various patterns of Internet use and face-to-face attendance in a parenting program designed for military families.

Play it forward! A community-based participatory research approach to childhood obesity prevention.

Background: To date there has been limited success with childhood obesity prevention interventions. This may be due in part, to the challenge of reaching and engaging parents in interventions. The current study used a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach to engage parents in cocreating and pilot testing a childhood obesity prevention intervention.

Drosophila muller f elements maintain a distinct set of genomic properties over 40 million years of evolution.

The Muller F element (4.2 Mb, ~80 protein-coding genes) is an unusual autosome of Drosophila melanogaster; it is mostly heterochromatic with a low recombination rate. To investigate how these properties impact the evolution of repeats and genes, we manually improved the sequence and annotated the genes on the D.