In vivo genotoxicity assessment of N-(-9 acridinyl)-b-alanine hydrochloride (S-300) using a validated Pig-a mutagenesis assay.

Background: N-(-9 acridinyl)-b-alanine hydrochloride (S-300) is the main byproduct of red blood cell (RBC) amustaline/glutathione(GSH) pathogen reduction, currently undergoing phase III US clinical trials following successful European studies(1-3). Phosphatidylinositol glycan, class A (Pig-a) X-linked gene mutagenesis is a validated mammalian in vivo mutation assay for genotoxicity, assessed as clonal loss of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked CD59 cell-surface molecules on reticulocytes (RETs) and RBCs.

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats received continuous infusion of S-300 up to the maximum feasible dose (240 mg/kg/day-limited by solubility and volume) for 28 days.

The pharmacologic and toxicologic characterization of the potent and selective KRAS G12D inhibitors ERAS-4693 and ERAS-5024.

Two potent and selective KRAS inhibitors, ERAS-4693 and ERAS-5024, were generated as possible clinical candidates to treat patients harboring G12D mutations in solid tumors. Both molecules exhibited strong anti-tumor activity in the KRAS mutant PDAC xenograft mouse models while ERAS-5024 also showed tumor growth inhibition when administered on an intermittent dosing regimen. Acute dose-limiting toxicity consistent with an allergic reaction was observed for both molecules shortly after administration at doses just above those which demonstrated anti-tumor activity, indicative of a narrow therapeutic index.

Development of a pilot interprofessional education workshop for healthcare students and assessment of interprofessional collaborative competency attainment.

We describe the development and student evaluation of a collaborative health service provider and higher education institution initiative designed to deliver an Interprofessional Education (IPE) pilot workshop program for healthcare students. The aim was to investigate whether an IPE workshop would result in improved student confidence in self-reported interprofessional competencies using the Interprofessional Collaborative Competency Attainment Scale (ICCAS) tool. The workshops involved interprofessional student groups working on a patient case followed by a facilitator-led discussion and patient representative interaction.

Modernization of a Large Spinal Cord Injuries and Disorders Registry: The Veterans Administration Experience.

Since the 1990s, Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has maintained a registry of Veterans with Spinal Cord Injuries and Disorders (SCI/Ds) to guide clinical care, policy, and research. Historically, methods for collecting and recording data for the VHA SCI/D Registry (VSR) have required significant time, cost, and staffing to maintain, were susceptible to missing data, and caused delays in aggregation and reporting. Each subsequent data collection method was aimed at improving these issues over the last several decades.

High-flow nasal cannula improves hypoxemia in dogs failing conventional oxygen therapy.

Objective: A prospective clinical trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in dogs with hypoxemia.

Animals: 20 client-owned dogs failing conventional oxygen therapy (COT).

Procedures: Patients admitted to the ICU for treatment of hypoxemic respiratory failure were enrolled in the study.

How does moving public engagement with research online change audience diversity? Comparing inclusion indicators for 2019 & 2020 European Researchers' night events.

Taking place annually in more than 400 cities, European Researchers' Night is a pan- European synchronized event that aims to bring researchers closer to the public. In this paper audience profiles are compared from events in 2019 and 2020. In 2019, face-to-face events reached an estimated 1.

Treatment of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease in Liver Transplant Recipients.

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) is a rare complication of liver transplantation associated with high morbidity and mortality. Death typically occurs due to complications related to severe infection, shock, and multiorgan failure. The clinical presentation involves dysfunction of multiple organ systems with overlapping symptoms that often results in a diagnostic delay.

Lifestyle Interventions to Improve Glycemic Control in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Living in Low-and-Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs).

Alongside glucose lowering therapy, clinical guidelines recommend lifestyle interventions as cornerstone in the care of people living with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). There is a specific need for an up-to-date review assessing the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for people with T2DM living in low-and-middle income countries (MICs). Four electronic databases were searched for RCTs published between 1990 and 2020.

Candida auris outbreak involving liver transplant recipients in a surgical intensive care unit.

Candida auris is a yeast that is difficult to eradicate and has caused outbreaks in health care facilities. We report a cluster of 5 patients in 1 intensive care unit who were colonized or infected in 2017. The initial 2 patients were recipients of liver transplants who had cultures that grew C auris within 3 days of each other in June 2017 (days 43 and 30 posttransplant).

Pleural Effusions Following Liver Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience.

Introduction: This was a single-center retrospective study to evaluate incidence, prognosis, and risk factors in patients with postoperative pleural effusions, a common pulmonary complication following liver transplantation.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed on 374 liver transplantation cases through a database within the timeframe of January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2015. Demographics, pulmonary and cardiac function testing, laboratory studies, intraoperative transfusion/infusion volumes, postoperative management, and outcomes were analyzed.

Co-designed PICU Family Stress Screening and Response System to Improve Experience, Quality, and Safety.

Objective: Evidence for successful and sustainable models that systematically identify and address family stress in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) remains scarce. Using an integrated improvement science and family engagement framework, we implemented a standardized family stress screening tool and response protocol to improve family experience and reduce family crises through the timely coordination of parent support interventions.

Methods: We conducted this improvement initiative in the 12-bed PICU of a children's hospital within a large, urban academic medical center.

Management of infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria in solid organ transplant recipients-Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice.

These updated guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice review the epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and management of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in the pre- and post-transplant period. NTM commonly cause one of five different clinical syndromes: pleuropulmonary disease, skin and soft tissue infection, osteoarticular infection, disseminated disease, including that caused by catheter-associated infection, and lymphadenitis. Diagnosis of these infections can be challenging, particularly when they are isolated from nonsterile spaces, owing to their ubiquity in nature.

Effect of Algorithm-Based Therapy vs Usual Care on Clinical Success and Serious Adverse Events in Patients with Staphylococcal Bacteremia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The appropriate duration of antibiotics for staphylococcal bacteremia is unknown.

Objective: To test whether an algorithm that defines treatment duration for staphylococcal bacteremia vs standard of care provides noninferior efficacy without increasing severe adverse events.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A randomized trial involving adults with staphylococcal bacteremia was conducted at 16 academic medical centers in the United States (n = 15) and Spain (n = 1) from April 2011 to March 2017.

Intensive Care of Pulmonary Complications Following Liver Transplantation.

Chronic liver disease has been associated with pulmonary dysfunction both before and after liver transplantation. Post-liver transplantation pulmonary complications can affect both morbidity and mortality often necessitating intensive care during the immediate postoperative period. The major pulmonary complications include pneumonia, pleural effusions, pulmonary edema, and atelectasis.

Mycobacterium haemophilum infection in a renal transplant patient with inflammatory bowel disease.

A 61-year-old immunosuppressed renal transplant patient with inflammatory bowel disease presented with tender pink nodules on the trunk and extremities. An initial biopsy was suggestive of metastatic Crohn disease, but after disease persistence, a second biopsy revealed disseminated Mycobacterium haemophilum. Atypical mycobacterial infections should be considered in immunosuppressed patients.

Evaluation of oxygen administration with a high-flow nasal cannula to clinically normal dogs.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of oxygen administration by use of a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in sedated clinically normal dogs. ANIMALS 6 healthy adult dogs undergoing routine dental prophylaxis. PROCEDURES Dogs were sedated with butorphanol tartrate and dexmedetomidine.

Retrospective evaluation of the effect of high flow oxygen therapy delivered by nasal cannula on PaO2 in dogs with moderate-to-severe hypoxemia.

Objective: To describe the effects of high flow oxygen therapy (HFOT) in canine patients failing traditional oxygen therapy (TOT).

Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: Private referral practice.

Ecology of Bats, Their Ectoparasites, and Associated Pathogens on Saint Kitts Island.

Ectoparasites of bats and bat-associated pathogens are poorly studied in the Lesser Antilles Islands. We report on an 11-mo field study on Saint Kitts Island of bat populations, their associated ectoparasites, and pathogens. We report on five ectoparasite species, including four Streblidae (Diptera) and a Spinturnicidae (Acari).

Tolerable Levels of Nonclinical Vehicles and Formulations Used in Studies by Multiple Routes in Multiple Species With Notes on Methods to Improve Utility.

Formulation of nonclinical evaluations is a challenge, with the fundamental need to achieve multiples of the clinical exposure complicated by differences in species and routes of administration-specific tolerances, depending on concentrations, volumes, dosing regimen, duration of each administration, and study duration. Current practice to approach these differences is based on individual experience and scattered literature with no comprehensive data source (the most notable exception being our 2006 publication on this same subject). Lack of formulation tolerance data results in excessive animal use, unplanned delays in the evaluation and development of drugs, and vehicle-dependent results.

Adolescent sleep and cellular phone use: recent trends and implications for research.

Adolescent sleep needs range from 8.5-10 hours per night, with older adolescents requiring less sleep than younger adolescents. On average, however, American adolescents receive between 7.

Phomopsis bougainvilleicola prepatellar bursitis in a renal transplant recipient.

Prepatellar bursitis is typically a monomicrobial bacterial infection. A fungal cause is rarely identified. We describe a 61-year-old man who had received a renal transplant 21 months prior to presentation whose synovial fluid and surgical specimens grew Phomopsis bougainvilleicola, a pycnidial coelomycete.

A retrospective evaluation of completion rates, total cost, and adverse effects for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in a public health clinic in central massachusetts.

Completion rates, total cost, and adverse effects were compared for patients in central Massachusetts treated for latent tuberculosis infection with 9 months of isoniazid or 4 months of rifampin. Although the adverse effects were similar between the 2 groups, 4 months of rifampin was associated with significantly better completion rates and less hepatotoxicity yet higher total cost.