Sex Differences in Opioid-Sparing Regimen Prescribing Following Ventral Hernia Repair.

Introduction: While sex differences are known to have a clinically relevant impact on the response to pain therapy, current data are still largely equivocal on sex-specific postoperative pain management. The aim of this study is to determine whether sex predicts differences in pain management in patients undergoing ventral hernia repair (VHR).

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data for VHR from the Abdominal Core Health Quality Collaborative.

Revealing the impact of lifestyle stressors on the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes with multitask machine learning.

Unlabelled: Psychosocial and stress-related factors (PSFs), defined as internal or external stimuli that induce biological changes, are potentially modifiable factors and accessible targets for interventions that are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). Although individual APOs have been shown to be connected to PSFs, they are biologically interconnected, relatively infrequent, and therefore challenging to model. In this context, multi-task machine learning (MML) is an ideal tool for exploring the interconnectedness of APOs on the one hand and building on joint combinatorial outcomes to increase predictive power on the other hand.

Encounters and management of oral conditions at general medical practices in Australia.

Background: Poor oral health has been widely recognised as an ongoing public health issue. Patients with oral conditions may visit either a general practitioner (GP) or a dental practitioner for management. The aims of this study are to report (i) the GP management rate of oral health conditions by patient and GP demographics, (ii) what specific oral conditions were managed, and (iii) how GPs managed oral conditions.

Peritoneal hernia following abdominal hysterectomy: A case report.

Background: Internal hernias rarely lead to bowel obstruction; they are caused by a natural or unnatural opening within the peritoneal cavity. Defects in the peritoneum are extremely rare. Patients present with features of intestinal obstruction and most cases are diagnosed during surgery.

Sex-Related Differences in the Incidence, Severity, and Recovery of Concussion in Adolescent Student-Athletes Between 2009 and 2019.

Background: The sex of an athlete is thought to modulate concussion incidence; however, the effects of sex on concussion severity and recovery are less clear.

Purpose: To evaluate sex differences in concussion severity and recovery using a large, heterogeneous sample of young student-athletes with the goal of understanding how sex affects concussion outcomes in young athletes.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

A Near-Peer Educational Model for Online, Interactive Learning in Emergency Medicine.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic led to a large disruption in the clinical education of medical students, particularly in-person clinical activities. To address the resulting challenges faced by students interested in emergency medicine (EM), we proposed and held a peer-led, online learning course for rising fourth-year medical students.

Methods: A total of 61 medical students participated in an eight-lecture EM course.

A visual analog scale for patient-reported voice outcomes: The VAS voice.

Objectives: Although patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) can be useful for assessing quality of life, they can be complex and cognitively burdensome. In this study, we prospectively evaluated a simple patient-reported voice assessment measure on a visual analog scale (VAS voice) and compared it with the Voice Handicap Index (VHI-10).

Study Design: Prospective survey.

The Effect of Game Importance on Concussion Incidence in the National Football League: An Observational Study.

Introduction Concussion incidence in the National Football League (NFL) has been shown to generally increase as the season progresses. Yet, there is evidence that suggests that the incidence stagnates or decreases in the final quarter of the season in comparison to the third quarter. This anomaly cannot be explained by any of the known modulators of concussion incidence.

Investigation of Skull-Based Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repair: A Single-Institution Comprehensive Study of 116 Cases Over 10 Years.

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks have been historically difficult to diagnose and treat because their cause can widely vary. There are insufficient diagnostic predictors and no clinically accepted standards for their treatment. This large institutional study reports on the diagnosis, management, and outcomes of patients presenting with CSF leak over 10 years and aims to identify potential comorbidities and risk factors for primary and recurrent leaks.

Measuring the impact of dysphonia on quality of life using health state preferences.

Objectives: Formal evaluation of health states related to dysphonia have not been rigorously evaluated in affected patients. The objective of this project was to evaluate the health states of mild, moderate, and severe dysphonia using formal health state preference evaluation, and to compare these outcomes with the degree of voice handicap.

Design: Prospective health state preference assessment.

Dynamic Cervical Cord Compression Post-laminectomy Visualized by Flexion-extension Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Case Report.

Flexion-extension magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the cervical spine is not universally used in cervical spine surgery. However, flexion-extension MRIs can identify previously undetected spinal stenosis, improve surgical decision-making, and maybe a better tool to evaluate postoperative outcomes. One uncommon complication after laminectomy, to treat cervical spinal stenosis, is muscle weakness due to subsequent dynamic cord compression by posterior paraspinal musculature.

Detection of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks: Is There a Radiologic Standard of Care? A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks traditionally involves laboratory testing of markers and appropriate imaging. Surgical localization can be difficult, and the inability to accurately localize skull base defects leads to increased rates of repair failure and complications. Many imaging techniques localizing and identifying CSF leaks have been proposed.

Does the Environment Influence the Frequency of Concussion Incidence in Professional Football?

Background Sports-related concussion is a major cause of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). It is possible that environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity, and stadium's altitude, may influence the overall incidence of concussions during a game. Purpose To examine the impact of environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity, barometric pressure, and dew point, on concussion incidence.

Modifying Factors for Concussion Incidence and Severity in the 2013-2017 National Hockey League Seasons.

Introduction In the past few years, there has been a rising interest in both the prevalence and the short- and long-term consequences of concussions. While the main focus of concussion-based research revolves around the National Football League (NFL), attention is now shifting to other high contact leagues like the National Hockey League (NHL), where there is constant player-to-player contact as well as collisions with the perimeter boards. While the body of evidence surrounding injury and concussion rates in the NHL has substantially grown in size over the previous few years, there is still a void pertaining to the in-game effects that could modulate concussion incidence.

Effects of Game Characteristics and Player Positions on Concussion Incidence and Severity in Professional Football.

Background: Increasing efforts have been made to reduce the incidence and severity of concussion in high-contact sports. Despite these efforts, a relative lack of knowledge is available regarding modulating factors affecting concussion injury.

Purpose: To analyze the potential influence of game characteristics and outcomes on concussion incidence and severity in professional football.

Evaluation of Concussion Incidence and Modulating Factors in the 2013-2017 Australian Football League.

Introduction The increasing awareness and popularization of concussions in the research realm over the last few years have begun to shed more light on the detrimental effects associated with repetitive head trauma. While the majority of the current literature focuses on the National Football League (NFL) and National Hockey League (NHL), several other high-impact sports have been implementing concussion management protocols to protect their players. The Australian Football League (AFL) is a prime example of a major contact sport that has undertaken recent changes to its concussion assessment and management modalities.

Spontaneous Arrest of Sporadic Spinal Hemangioblastoma Growth after Postoperative Nodular Recurrence: Case Report.

Hemangioblastomas are rare, slow-growing, highly vascularized tumors of the central nervous system which often occur in the spinal cord. When presenting as sporadic, isolated tumors without Von-Hippel Lindau disease, they are curable through surgery with a low rate of recurrence. Tumor recurrence in these cases is usually associated with prior subtotal resection.

Workforce Analysis of Spine Surgeons Involved with Neurological and Orthopedic Surgery Residency Training.

Objective: Spinal surgery is taught and practiced within 2 different surgical disciplines: neurological surgery and orthopedic surgery. We have provided a unified analysis of spine-focused faculty at U.S.

Academic Productivity of Spine Surgeons at United States Neurological Surgery and Orthopedic Surgery Training Programs.

Objective: Spinal surgery is taught and practiced within 2 different surgical disciplines, neurological surgery and orthopedic surgery. We have provided a unified analysis of academic productivity measured using the h-index attributable to spine-focused faculty at U.S.

c-index and Subindices of the h-index: New Variants of the h-index to Account for Variations in Author Contribution.

Objectives Bibliometrics are used to assess or compare the academic productivity of individuals or groups. Most of these metrics, including the widely used -index, do not recognize the added contribution that is generally provided by authors listed first, second, second-to-last and last (enhanced positions) in a publication citation. We propose the -index as a novel modification to the -index that will better reflect an individual's academic output, incorporating authorship position.

High-throughput Screening in Larval Zebrafish Identifies Novel Potent Sedative-hypnotics.

What We Already Know About This Topic: WHAT THIS ARTICLE TELLS US THAT IS NEW: BACKGROUND:: Many general anesthetics were discovered empirically, but primary screens to find new sedative-hypnotics in drug libraries have not used animals, limiting the types of drugs discovered. The authors hypothesized that a sedative-hypnotic screening approach using zebrafish larvae responses to sensory stimuli would perform comparably to standard assays, and efficiently identify new active compounds.

Methods: The authors developed a binary outcome photomotor response assay for zebrafish larvae using a computerized system that tracked individual motions of up to 96 animals simultaneously.

EGR-1 Expression in Catecholamine-synthesizing Neurons Reflects Auditory Learning and Correlates with Responses in Auditory Processing Areas.

Distinguishing between familiar and unfamiliar individuals is an important task that shapes the expression of social behavior. As such, identifying the neural populations involved in processing and learning the sensory attributes of individuals is important for understanding mechanisms of behavior. Catecholamine-synthesizing neurons have been implicated in sensory processing, but relatively little is known about their contribution to auditory learning and processing across various vertebrate taxa.

Ability to modulate birdsong across social contexts develops without imitative social learning.

Many important behaviours are socially learned. For example, the acoustic structure of courtship songs in songbirds is learned by listening to and interacting with conspecifics during a sensitive period in development. Signallers modify the spectral and temporal structures of their vocalizations depending on the social context, but the degree to which this modulation requires imitative social learning remains unknown.

Attenuation of the September epidemic of asthma exacerbations in children: a randomized, controlled trial of montelukast added to usual therapy.

Background: A recurring epidemic of asthma exacerbations in children occurs annually in September in North America when school resumes after summer vacation.

Objective: Our goal was to determine whether montelukast, added to usual asthma therapy, would reduce days with worse asthma symptoms and unscheduled physician visits of children during the September epidemic.

Patients And Methods: A total of 194 asthmatic children aged 2 to 14 years, stratified according to age group (2-5, 6-9, and 10-14 years) and gender, participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the addition of montelukast to usual asthma therapy between September 1 and October 15, 2005.