Study protocol for WHO and UNICEF estimates of global, regional, and national preterm birth rates for 2010 to 2019.

Background: Preterm birth is a leading cause of death among children under five years. Previous estimates indicated global preterm birth rate of 10.6% (14.

Methods and applications of laser-enabled analysis and processing (LEAP).

The LEAP (Laser-Enabled Analysis and Processing) platform combines in situ imaging with laser manipulation to efficiently identify, purify, and monitor expansion of high secreting clones. It also allows for rapid analysis of cell population heterogeneity. This unit describes the LEAP instrumentation as well as basic and alternate protocols of the major applications in recombinant human or humanized IgG expression.

Akt-dependent cell size regulation by the adhesion molecule on glia occurs independently of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Rheb signaling.

The role of cell adhesion molecules in mediating interactions with neighboring cells and the extracellular matrix has long been appreciated. More recently, these molecules have been shown to modulate intracellular signal transduction cascades critical for cell growth and proliferation. Expression of adhesion molecule on glia (AMOG) is downregulated in human and mouse gliomas, suggesting that AMOG may be important for growth regulation in the brain.

GDNF availability determines enteric neuron number by controlling precursor proliferation.

To clarify the role of Ret signaling components in enteric nervous system (ENS) development, we evaluated ENS anatomy and intestinal contractility in mice heterozygous for Ret, GFRalpha1 and Ret ligands. These analyses demonstrate that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurturin are important for different aspects of ENS development. Neurturin is essential for maintaining the size of mature enteric neurons and the extent of neuronal projections, but does not influence enteric neuron number.