Effect of semaglutide 2.4 mg on use of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment in five randomized controlled STEP trials.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment changes in participants receiving semaglutide 2.4 mg versus placebo across pooled populations from five Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People with Obesity (STEP) trials.

Methods: Efficacy and safety of semaglutide 2.

Retrospective Analysis of Once-Daily Versus Twice-Daily Insulin Glargine Dosing in Noncritically Ill Individuals.

Background: Insulin is the treatment of choice for diabetes care in the hospital. There is some debate regarding the efficacy and safety of once-daily versus twice-daily insulin glargine in the hospital, particularly in the critically ill population.

Objective: The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of insulin glargine administered as a once-daily versus twice-daily regimen in the noncritically ill population.

[Zr]-CD8 ImmunoPET imaging of glioblastoma multiforme response to combination oncolytic viral and checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy reveals CD8 infiltration differential changes in preclinical models.

Novel immune-activating therapeutics for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) have shown potential for tumor regression and increased survival over standard therapies. However, immunotherapy efficacy remains inconsistent with response assessment being complicated by early treatment-induced apparent radiological tumor progression and slow downstream effects. This inability to determine early immunotherapeutic benefit results in a drastically decreased window for alternative, and potentially more effective, treatment options.

Development of Quality Measures for Inpatient Diabetes Care and Education Specialists: A Call to Action.

Diabetes and hyperglycemia are associated with an increased risk of in-hospital complications that lead to longer lengths of stay, increased morbidity, higher mortality, and risk of readmission. Diabetes care and education specialists (DCESs) working in hospital settings are uniquely prepared and credentialed to serve as content experts to facilitate change and implement processes and programs to improve glycemic-related outcomes. A recent survey of DCESs explored the topic of productivity and clinical metrics.

Significant publications in diabetes pharmacotherapy and technology in 2020.

Introduction: The most significant articles on diabetes pharmacotherapy and technology in the peer-reviewed literature from 2020, as determined by a panel of pharmacists with expertise in diabetes care and education, are summarized.

Areas Covered: Members of the Association of Diabetes Care and Education Specialists Pharmacy Community of Interest were selected to review articles published in prominent peer-reviewed journals in 2020 that most impacted diabetes pharmacotherapy and technology. A list of 37 nominated articles were compiled (22 in diabetes pharmacotherapy and 15 in diabetes technology).

Diabetes: how to manage chronic kidney disease.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent and progressive condition worldwide, and diabetes is a leading risk factor of this renal disorder. People with diabetes and CKD are at high risk of complications such as cardiovascular events and death. CKD is often unrecognized and undiagnosed amongst people with diabetes.

Development and Current Role of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter Inhibition in Cardiorenal Metabolic Syndrome.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors were approved as adjunct therapy for the management of type 2 diabetes and have become a high-level recommendation for this population with cardiorenal metabolic syndrome. In addition, evidence continues to grow supporting this class of medications for people with heart failure and chronic kidney disease, regardless of diabetes status. This narrative review summarizes the sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors for cardiorenal metabolic syndrome.

Immune Activity and Response Differences of Oncolytic Viral Therapy in Recurrent Glioblastoma: Gene Expression Analyses of a Phase IB Study.

Purpose: Previously, clinical trials of experimental virotherapy for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) demonstrated that inoculation with a conditionally replication-competent Δγ34.5 oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV), G207, was safe. Following the initial safety study, a phase Ib trial enrolled 6 adult patients diagnosed with GBM recurrence from which tumor tissue was banked for future studies.

The Effects of Diabetes Self-Management Education on Quality of Life for Persons With Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Purpose: It is well documented that chronic conditions, such as diabetes, impact quality of life (QoL). QoL assessment is essential when developing and evaluating diabetes self-management education support interventions. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence and gaps in the research and the impact of diabetes self-management education (DSME) on QoL outcomes in persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Clinical review of subcutaneous semaglutide for obesity.

What Is Known And Objective: The purpose of this review paper is to review the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous semaglutide, marketed as Wegovy, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist for obesity management.

Methods: A MEDLINE search (1970 to June 2021) was conducted to identify Phase 3 trials of subcutaneous semaglutide for obesity management. Published Phase 3 trials from The Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People with obesity (STEP) program were reviewed and summarized.

A cross-sectional study of student pharmacists' attitudes and self-awareness towards obesity and weight.

Introduction: Neutral attitudes towards people with obesity is a necessity among student pharmacists entering the workforce and caring for this patient population. The purpose of the study was to investigate the perception towards people with obesity among student pharmacists.

Methods: A cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire was sent to 237 student pharmacists.

Thumb CMCJ prosthetic total joint replacement: a systematic review.

Thumb carpometacarpal joint (CMCJ) arthritis is a common and painful condition. Thumb CMCJ prosthetic replacement aims to restore thumb biomechanics and improve pain and function. Early reviews demonstrated a lack of high-quality studies, but more recently a significant number of higher-quality studies have been published.

Glucagon: Its evolving role in the management of hypoglycemia.

More than 10% of the United States population has diabetes, characterized by hyperglycemia. Insulin and other agents used to treat diabetes predispose people to hypoglycemia, which can be life threatening. Glucagon is an emergency medication that can save lives by quickly raising glucose in people who are unconscious or unable to consume glucose due to severe hypoglycemia.

Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Implications of Oral Semaglutide for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Since the approval of subcutaneous glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, this therapeutic class has become a preferred choice for the management of type 2 diabetes due to A1C reduction, minimal risk of hypoglycemia, weight loss, and cardiovascular benefit. An oral option, with gastrointestinal absorption, would overcome any potential fear of injection among patients. Oral semaglutide has been studied in randomized controlled trials within the PIONEER program.

Clinical potential of liraglutide in cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes: evidence to date.

Metformin is the first-line therapy for the management of type 2 diabetes. After 3 months of metformin, add-on therapy can be considered if an individual's glycemic control has not been achieved for hemoglobin A1c, fasting blood glucose levels, and postprandial blood glucose levels. Liraglutide is a potential second-line option for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly for those who are or may be at a high risk of cardiovascular disease.

Abaloparatide: A new pharmacological option for osteoporosis.

Purpose: The efficacy and safety of abaloparatide, a parathyroid hormone-related protein analog for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women at high fracture risk, is reviewed.

Summary: A MEDLINE search was conducted for full text English-language articles, using the terms abaloparatide, parathyroid hormone, and osteoporosis. Published articles pertinent to the short- and long-term efficacy and safety of abaloparatide among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were reviewed and summarized.

Major trauma: Does weekend attendance increase 30-day mortality?

Background: Differing mortality rates according to day of hospital admission is an area of debate, where a supposed increased rate of mortality with weekend admissions has been termed "the weekend effect". We sought to identify the 30-day mortality rates in major trauma patients attending our Major Trauma Centre (MTC) and the underlying reasons for these.

Methods: A retrospective review of data retrieved from the Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN) database was undertaken for all patients attending between January 2013 and July 2015 with an Injury Severity Score of 9 or higher.

Obesity management among patients with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: a focus on lifestyle modifications and evidence of antiobesity medications.

The prevalence of obesity has increased over the past three decades in the United States and worldwide. This article reviews landmark trials for lifestyle modifications as well as clinical evidence and implications for locaserin, phentermine with topiramate, buproprion with naltrexone, and liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Areas covered: A MEDLINE search, from 1970 to May 2017, was conducted using key search terms - lifestyle modifications, antiobesity medication, obesity and diabetes.

Faster Insulin Aspart: A New Bolus Option for Diabetes Mellitus.

Since the approval of bolus insulin, it has been used frequently in clinical practice for the management of type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus for postprandial control. Another new product is faster insulin aspart (Fiasp, Novo Nordisk), a fast-acting insulin with 100 units/mL. Several studies have been conducted evaluating the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of faster insulin aspart, compared with insulin aspart.

What's new in multiple sclerosis?

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease state that affects and disables many people each year. The most common clinical presentation is relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). In the past 7 years, new medications have been approved for the treatment of RRMS, thereby providing more treatment options for patients and providers.

Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Implications of Semaglutide: A New Glucagon-Like Peptide (GLP)-1 Receptor Agonist.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) came to market in the year 2005, as a new therapeutic classification, for clinical use in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Since 2005, there have been six approved products on the market, with the newest product being semaglutide (Novo Nordisk). Several studies have been conducted and completed evaluating its pharmacokinetics as a once-weekly subcutaneous injection.