Scout images acquired prior to cone beam CT acquisitions: reproducibility of findings and added diagnostic information.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the reproducibility of findings in cone beam CT (CBCT) scout images. Furthermore, the study aimed to assess whether a scout image shows pathology not seen within the CBCT volume (ie, added diagnostic information) and therefore must be assessed on the same terms as the full volume.

Methods: Using a retrospective design, 233 CBCT reports and scout images were assessed.

Dental-dedicated MRI, a novel approach for dentomaxillofacial diagnostic imaging: technical specifications and feasibility.

MRI is a noninvasive, ionizing radiation-free imaging modality that has become an indispensable medical diagnostic method. The literature suggests MRI as a potential diagnostic modality in dentomaxillofacial radiology. However, current MRI equipment is designed for medical imaging (eg, brain and body imaging), with general-purpose use in radiology.

Maternal age differences in cognitive regulation: examination of associations and interactions between RSA and EEG frontoparietal alpha power coherence.

Strong cognitive regulation is advantageous for flexible, responsive parenting. Optimal cognitive regulation is reliant on associations between physiological mechanisms of central and peripheral nervous system functioning. Across middle adulthood there may be shifts in how cognitive regulation functions, reflecting changes in the associations and interactions between these physiological mechanisms.

Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of periodontal and periapical disease.

Objectives: Early pre-clinical inflammatory changes in periodontal and/or periapical lesions, which typically precede bone loss, are challenging to diagnose using ionizing-radiation-based imaging modalities. MRI provides relevant additional diagnostic information of inflammatory processes in soft and hard tissues. The aim of the present study is to undertake a systematic review of the literature on MRI in the diagnosis of periodontal and/or periapical disease.

Early detection of external cervical resorption in posterior teeth: a radiographic, cross-sectional study of an adolescent population.

Objectives: To establish the prevalence and severity of external cervical resorption (ECR) in posterior teeth observed in bitewing (BW) radiographs in an epidemiological study of a 17-year-old patient population from community dentistry. Furthermore, to assess the potential predisposing factors for ECR.

Methods: Posterior BWs from 5596 patients (2717 females, 2879 males; mean age 17.

Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Rolapitant With Cytochrome P450 3A Substrates in Healthy Subjects.

Rolapitant (Varubi) is a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist approved for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Rolapitant is primarily metabolized by the cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme. Unlike other neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists, rolapitant is neither an inhibitor nor an inducer of CYP3A4 in vitro.

Specificity in Sociality: Mice and Prairie Voles Exhibit Different Patterns of Peer Affiliation.

Social behavior is often described as a unified concept, but highly social (group-living) species exhibit distinct social structures and may make different social decisions. Prairie voles () are socially monogamous rodents that often reside in extended family groups, and exhibit robust preferences for social partners (same- and opposite-sex) during extended choice tests, although short-term preferences are not known. Mice () are gregarious and colonial, but in brief laboratory tests of social preference they typically prefer social novelty.

Bioequivalence of Intravenous and Oral Rolapitant: Results From a Randomized, Open-Label Pivotal Study.

Rolapitant, a selective and long-acting neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, is approved in an oral formulation for the prevention of delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in adults. The objective of this pivotal study was to assess the bioequivalence of a single intravenous infusion of rolapitant versus a single oral dose of rolapitant. In this randomized, open-label phase 1 study, healthy volunteers were administered rolapitant as a 180-mg oral dose or a 30-minute 166.

Effects of Rolapitant Administered Intravenously or Orally on the Pharmacokinetics of Digoxin (P-glycoprotein Substrate) and Sulfasalazine (Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Substrate) in Healthy Volunteers.

Rolapitant is a selective and long-acting neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist approved in an oral formulation in combination with other antiemetic agents for the prevention of delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in adults. Four open-label phase 1 studies evaluated the safety and drug-drug interactions of a single dose of rolapitant given intravenously (166.5 mg) or orally (180 mg) with oral digoxin (0.

Community Environmental Contamination of Toxigenic .

Background: infection is often considered to result from recent acquisition of a isolate in a healthcare setting. However, spores can persist for long periods of time, suggesting a potentially large community environmental reservoir. The objectives of this study were to assess community environmental contamination of toxigenic and to assess strain distribution in environmental versus clinical isolates.

Dynamic glucocorticoid-dependent regulation of Sgk1 expression in oligodendrocytes of adult male rat brain by acute stress and time of day.

Recent studies support plasticity in adult brain white matter structure and myelination in response to various experiential factors. One possible contributor to this plasticity may be activity-dependent modulation of serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (Sgk1) expression in oligodendrocytes. We examined whether Sgk1 expression in adult rat brain white matter is increased by acute stress-induced elevations in endogenous corticosterone and whether it fluctuates with diurnal variations in corticosterone.

Septal oxytocin administration impairs peer affiliation via V1a receptors in female meadow voles.

The peptide hormone oxytocin (OT) plays an important role in social behaviors, including social bond formation. In different contexts, however, OT is also associated with aggression, social selectivity, and reduced affiliation. Female meadow voles form social preferences for familiar same-sex peers under short, winter-like day lengths in the laboratory, and provide a means of studying affiliation outside the context of reproductive pair bonds.

In the Endemic Setting, Clostridium difficile Ribotype 027 Is Virulent But Not Hypervirulent.

Background: Conflicting reports have been published on the association between Clostridium difficile ribotypes and severe disease outcomes in patients with C. difficile infection (CDI); several so-called hypervirulent ribotypes have been described. We performed a multicenter study to assess severe disease presentation and severe outcomes among CDI patients infected with different ribotypes.

Is thermography useful for assessment of postoperative inflammation after surgical removal of mandibular third molars when methylprednisolone is administered and how does it correlate with patients' perception of swelling?

Purpose: To assess the differences in facial skin temperature after mandibular third molar removal when patients received methylprednisolone and placebo, respectively and to assess the correlation between patient-reported swelling using a visual analog scale (VAS) and facial skin temperature measured using thermography.

Patients And Methods: The study involved patients with 2 mandibular third molars with an indication for removal. The patients received either methylprednisolone or placebo in a randomized, crossover study design.

Efficiency of bupivacaine versus lidocaine and methylprednisolone versus placebo to reduce postoperative pain and swelling after surgical removal of mandibular third molars: a randomized, double-blinded, crossover clinical trial.

Purpose: To compare 4 treatment combinations to reduce postoperative pain and swelling after surgical removal of mandibular third molars.

Patients And Methods: Patients scheduled for bilateral mandibular third molar removal were randomized to 1 of 4 treatment groups in a double-blinded crossover design: 1) first operation: lidocaine and placebo, second operation: bupivacaine and methylprednisolone; 2) first operation: bupivacaine and methylprednisolone, second operation: lidocaine and placebo; 3) first operation: lidocaine and methylprednisolone, second operation: bupivacaine and placebo; 4) first operation: bupivacaine and placebo, second operation: lidocaine and methylprednisolone. Patient-reported pain and swelling were recorded using visual analog scales 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours after surgery and daily during the first postoperative week.

Diagnostic accuracy of panoramic radiography, stereo-scanography and cone beam CT for assessment of mandibular third molars before surgery.

Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of panoramic imaging, stereo-scanography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for assessment of mandibular third molars.

Material And Methods: One hundred and twelve patients (147 third molars) underwent radiographic examination by panoramic imaging, stereo-scanography and CBCT. Tooth angulation, root morphology, number of roots and relation to the mandibular canal were assessed.

Should removal of lower third molars be included in the pre-graduate curriculum for dental students? An evaluation of post-operative complications after student operations.

Objective: To evaluate guidelines for selection of lower third molars (M3) to be removed by dental students (DS) and to compare M3 surgery performed by oral surgeons (OS) and DSs with regard to operation time and post-operative complications.

Materials And Methods: Three hundred and thirteen patients with 313 lower M3 were assigned to be operated by either a DS or an OS, depending on the estimated difficulty of the surgery. During the post-operative week patients recorded pain (VAS) and other complications.

Patient discomfort and retakes in periapical examination of mandibular third molars using digital receptors and film.

Objective: The aim was to compare patient discomfort and evaluate the frequency of retakes using intraoral digital receptors and conventional film for radiographic examination of mandibular third molars.

Study Design: Both mandibular third molar regions were examined in 110 patients with 2 of 5 digital intraoral receptors. Discomfort was scored on a visual analog scale (VAS) for each receptor and for film as a reference.

Amonafide, a topoisomerase II inhibitor, is unaffected by P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux.

Over-expression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp+) has been related to resistance to classical Topo II inhibitors used in the treatment of AML and is common in patients with poor-prognosis, such as those with secondary AML (sAML). Since clinical trials with amonafide, a unique ATP-independent Topo II inhibitor, in combination with cytarabine, have shown significant efficacy for remission induction in patients with sAML, we compared the cytotoxic effect of amonafide (amonafide l-malate, Xanafide) to the classical Topo II inhibitors (daunorubicin, doxorubicin, idarubicin, etoposide, and mitoxantrone) in K562 leukemia cells and in the MDR subline, K562/DOX. Pgp expression was found to be approximately 6.

Orphanin FQ/nociceptin-mediated desensitization of opioid receptor-like 1 receptor and mu opioid receptors involves protein kinase C: a molecular mechanism for heterologous cross-talk.

Morphine tolerance in vivo is reduced following blockade of the orphanin FQ/nociceptin (OFQ/N)/opioid receptor-like 1 (ORL1) receptor system, suggesting that OFQ/N contributes to the development of morphine tolerance. We previously reported that a 60-min activation of ORL1 receptors natively expressed in BE(2)-C cells desensitized both mu and ORL1 receptor-mediated inhibition of cAMP. Investigating the mechanism(s) of OFQ/N-mediated mu and ORL1 receptor cross-talk, we found that pretreatment with the protein kinase C inhibitor, chelerythrine chloride (1 microM), blocked OFQ/N-mediated homologous desensitization of ORL1 and heterologous desensitization of mu opioid receptors.