Practice Advisory on the Implementation of Preoperative Anemia Management: The Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists and the Society for the Advancement of Patient Blood Management.

Preoperative anemia is common and associated with worse outcomes in cardiac surgery including acute kidney injury, red blood cell transfusion, cardiovascular complications, stroke, infection, and death. Patient blood management programs, which include dedicated clinical programs to diagnose and treat anemia in advance of surgery (ie, preoperative anemia programs), have been highlighted as a means to optimize the blood health of each patient, thereby decreasing risk for allogeneic transfusion and improving clinical outcomes. However, there remain implementation challenges for preoperative anemia programs, including difficulties with education of patients and staff, short lead times to address anemia, infrastructure and staffing limitations, lack of clear leadership or ownership of preoperative anemia, the need to develop treatment algorithms and ensure appropriate infusion therapy support, lack of capital support, and insurance/reimbursement concerns, amongst others.

Consensus on the definitions and descriptions of the domains of the OMERACT Core Outcome Set for shared decision making interventions in rheumatology trials.

Objective: To gain consensus on the definitions and descriptions of the domains of the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) core domain set for rheumatology trials evaluating shared decision making (SDM) interventions.

Methods: Following the OMERACT Handbook methods, our Working Group (WG), comprised of 90 members, including 17 patient research partners (PRPs) and 73 clinicians and researchers, had six virtual meetings in addition to email exchanges to develop draft definitions and descriptions. The WG then conducted an international survey of its members to gain consensus on the definitions and descriptions.

OMERACT Core outcome measurement set for shared decision making in rheumatic and musculoskeletal conditions: a scoping review to identify candidate instruments.

Objectives: Shared decision making (SDM) is a central tenet in rheumatic and musculoskeletal care. The lack of standardization regarding SDM instruments and outcomes in clinical trials threatens the comparative effectiveness of interventions. The Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) SDM Working Group is developing a Core Outcome Set for trials of SDM interventions in rheumatology and musculoskeletal health.

An Overview of Reviews to Inform Organization-Level Interventions to Address Burnout in Rheumatologists.

Objective: To identify organization-directed strategies that could be implemented to prevent burnout among rheumatologists.

Methods: A search of English language articles published 2011 or later was conducted on Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, Medline, and PsycInfo on January 25, 2022. Included reviews had ≥ 1 primary studies with ≥ 10% of participants who were physicians, recorded burnout as an outcome, and described an organization-directed intervention to prevent burnout.

Non-invasive hemoglobin estimation for preoperative anemia screening.

Background: Preoperative anemia is common and associated with adverse postoperative outcomes. Assessment of hemoglobin concentrations may facilitate optimization prior to surgery. However, phlebotomy-based hemoglobin measurement may contribute to patient discomfort and iatrogenic blood loss, which makes non-invasive hemoglobin estimation attractive in this setting.

Increasing the duration of an intervening distractor word can increase repetition blindness: Evidence for interitem competition in rapid visual sequences.

In rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP), accurate report of a critical item (C2) declines when an earlier critical item (C1) is identical rather than unrelated. The most prominent theories of this phenomenon of (RB) concern the effects of processing C1 on later processing of C2. However, characteristics of distractor items between C1 and C2 strongly moderate RB, suggesting that items may compete for registration as separate events.

Results From the 2020 Canadian Rheumatology Association's Workforce and Wellness Survey.

Objective: The Canadian Rheumatology Association (CRA) launched the Workforce and Wellness Survey to update the Canadian rheumatology workforce characteristics.

Methods: The survey included demographic and practice information, pandemic effects, and the Mini Z survey to assess burnout. French and English survey versions were distributed to CRA members electronically between October 14, 2020, and March 5, 2021.

Best Practices for Virtual Care: A Consensus Statement From the Canadian Rheumatology Association.

Objective: To develop best practice statements for the provision of virtual care in adult and pediatric rheumatology for the Canadian Rheumatology Association's (CRA) Telehealth Working Group (TWG).

Methods: Four members of the TWG representing adult, pediatric, university-based, and community rheumatology practices defined the scope of the project. A rapid literature review of existing systematic reviews, policy documents, and published literature and abstracts on the topic was conducted between April and May 2021.

Implementation of a Comprehensive Patient Blood Management Program for Hospitalized Patients at a Large United States Medical Center.

Objective: To assess changes in inpatient transfusion utilization and patient outcomes with implementation of a comprehensive patient blood management (PBM) program at a large US medical center.

Patients And Methods: This is an observational study of graduated PBM implementation for hospitalized adults (age ≥18 years) from January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2017, at two integrated hospital campuses at a major academic US medical center. Allogeneic transfusion utilization and clinical outcomes were assessed over time through segmented regression with multivariable adjustment comparing observed outcomes against projected outcomes in the absence of PBM activities.

Retrieval practice via corrective feedback: is learning better for targets in an expected or surprising sense?

Adult participants learned homographic cue words and weakly associated targets. Each target was in the dominant (expected) sense of the cue (e.g.

Perceptions of violence in justice-involved youth.

Background: Youth are tragically affected by violence. Justice-involved youth are at elevated risk for the effects of violence, as incarceration serves as a risk factor. The objective of this study is to explore the risks and needs of justice-involved youth and identify channels for future hospital-based programming.

Endorsement of the OMERACT core domain set for shared decision making interventions in rheumatology trials: Results from a multi-stepped consensus-building approach.

Objective: To gain consensus on the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) core domain set for rheumatology trials of shared decision making (SDM) interventions.

Methods: The process followed the OMERACT Filter 2.1 methodology, and used consensus-building methods, with patients involved since the inception.

Evaluating Quality of Care for Rheumatoid Arthritis for the Population of Alberta Using System-level Performance Measures.

Objective: We evaluated 4 national rheumatoid arthritis (RA) system-level performance measures (PM) in Alberta, Canada.

Methods: Incident and prevalent RA cases ≥ 16 years of age since 2002 were identified using a validated case definition applied in provincial administrative data. Performance was ascertained through analysis of health data between fiscal years 2012/13-2015/16.

Dusk to Dawn: Evaluating the effect of a hospital-based youth violence prevention program on youths' perception of risk.

Background: Historically, youth violence prevention strategies used deterrence-based programming with limited success. We developed a youth violence prevention program, Dusk to Dawn (D2D), intended to improve youths' recognition of high-risk situations and teach new skills in conflict resolution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of D2D on youths' perceptions of personal risk factors and high-risk situations.

Errors may not cue recall of corrective feedback: Evidence against the mediation hypothesis of the testing effect.

Successfully retrieving information protects it against later forgetting. Failed retrieval attempts are also beneficial if followed by study of corrective feedback. To explain both of these findings, researchers have proposed the mediation hypothesis.

Testing population-based performance measures identifies gaps in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) care.

Background: The study evaluates Performance Measures (PMs) for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA): The percentage of patients with new onset JIA with at least one visit to a pediatric rheumatologist in the first year of diagnosis (PM1); and the percentage of patients with JIA under rheumatology care seen in follow-up at least once per year (PM2).

Methods: Validated JIA case ascertainment algorithms were used to identify cases from provincial health administrative databases in Manitoba, Canada in patients < 16 years between 01/04/2005 and 31/03/2015. PM1: Using a 3-year washout period, the percentage of incident JIA patients with ≥1 visit to a pediatric rheumatologist in the first year was calculated.

Improvements in red blood cell transfusion utilization following implementation of a single-unit default for electronic ordering.

Background: The prevention of excessive allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is an important component of patient blood management initiatives. In this investigation, changes in transfusion behaviors following modification of computerized physician order entry (CPOE) procedures for RBC transfusions to a single-unit default quantity were assessed.

Study Design And Methods: This is an observational cohort study of adults for whom nonemergency allogeneic RBC transfusions were ordered in the 2 years before and 2 years after the date of modification of the CPOE system to a single-unit default (June 18, 2015).

Promoting Earlier Access to Pediatric Behavioral Health Services with Colocated Care.

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether youth access behavioral health (BH) care earlier (i.e., when problems are less severe) when receiving services in colocated pediatric primary care clinics.

Repetition priming and repetition blindness: Effects of an intervening distractor word.

In a simplified repetition blindness (RB) paradigm, university students named target words (C2) that were presented for 72 ms and followed by a pattern mask. A prime word (C1) that was identical or unrelated to the target was read silently at the beginning of each trial, and there was an intervening distractor item displayed for 120 ms between prime and target. When the distractor was a word, there was a large repetition cost for target accuracy at both prime durations (Experiments 1A and 1B).

The curious case of spillover: Does it tell us much about saccade timing in reading?

In completing daily activities, the eyes make a series of saccades by gazing at stimuli in succession. The duration of gaze on each stimulus has been used to infer how the initiation of a saccade is timed relative to the underlying mental processing. In reading, gaze dwells longer on a word that occurs infrequently in English text (low frequency) than on a more frequent word (high frequency), but also on the following word, which is referred to as spillover.

Feasibility of Measurement and Adherence to System Performance Measures for Rheumatoid Arthritis in 5 Models of Care.

Objective: To test the feasibility of reporting on 4 national performance measures for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 5 different models of care.

Methods: The following performance measures were evaluated in 5 models of care: waiting time (WT) to rheumatologist consultation, percentage of patients seen in yearly followup (FU), percentage taking disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD), and time to starting DMARD. All models aimed to improve early access and care for patients with RA.

Exploration of the Smallest Diameter Tin Nanowires Achievable with Electrodeposition: Sub 7 nm Sn Nanowires Produced by Electrodeposition from a Supercritical Fluid.

Electrodeposition of Sn from supercritical difluoromethane has been performed into anodic alumina templates with pores down to 3 nm in diameter and into mesoporous silica templates with pores of diameter 1.5 nm. Optimized deposits have been characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy (bright field, high-angle annular dark field, and energy-dispersive X-ray elemental mapping).

Repetition blindness in priming in perceptual identification: Competitive effects of a word intervening between prime and target.

University students named a 72-ms masked target word that was preceded by two 120-ms consecutively presented words, a prime word followed by a distractor. In Experiment 1, all words were in lowercase letters, whereas in Experiment 2, the target word was changed to uppercase letters. In both experiments there was an accuracy and latency cost (repetition blindness: RB) when the prime was the same word as the target, with the cost much less severe in Experiment 2 than in Experiment 1.

Tin, Bismuth, and Tin-Bismuth Alloy Electrodeposition from Chlorometalate Salts in Deep Eutectic Solvents.

The electrodeposition of tin, bismuth, and tin-bismuth alloys from Sn and Bi chlorometalate salts in the choline chloride/ethylene glycol (1:2 molar ratio) deep eutectic solvent was studied on glassy carbon and gold by cyclic voltammetry, rotating disc voltammetry, and chronoamperometry. The Sn-containing electrolyte showed one voltammetric redox process corresponding to Sn/Sn. The diffusion coefficient of [SnCl], detected as the dominating species by Raman spectroscopy, was determined from Levich and Cottrell analyses.