Estimation of transpulmonary driving pressure using a lower assist maneuver (LAM) during synchronized ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure: a physiological study.

Background: We previously showed in animals that transpulmonary driving pressure (PL) can be estimated during Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NAVA) and Neural Pressure Support (NPS) using a single lower assist maneuver (LAM). The aim of this study was to test the LAM-based estimate of PL (PL_LAM) in patients with acute respiratory failure.

Methods: This was a prospective, physiological, and interventional study in intubated patients with acute respiratory failure.

Characteristics and Outcomes of Operatively Treated Discoid Lateral Meniscus in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients: A Multicenter Study.

Background: Discoid lateral meniscus (DLM) is the most common congenital abnormality of the meniscus. Tears are common; treatment is frequently not definitive, often requiring reoperation.

Purpose: To report the clinical manifestations, physical characteristics, operative treatments and findings, complications, and reoperations of DLM in pediatric patients from multiple centers across North America.

Utility of Adult-Based Discoid Lateral Meniscus Diagnostic Criteria in a Pediatric Population.

Background: Commonly cited discoid lateral meniscus (DLM) imaging definitions are based on adult magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements. This pathology commonly presents in pediatric populations; however, whether accepted adult measurements reliably apply to children and adolescents is unknown.

Purpose/hypothesis: This purposes of the study were to determine (1) the utility of applying adult-accepted MRI definitions of DLM to pediatric patients, (2) whether sex differences affect the applicability of the criteria, and (3) whether MRI magnet strength and/or tear presence affect MRI measurements for diagnosing DLM in pediatric patients.

Patient-Reported Outcomes After Surgically Treated Anterior Horn Tears in the Pediatric Discoid Meniscus.

Background: As a subset of symptomatic discoid lateral meniscal (DLM) tears, anterior horn (AH) meniscal tears are not well studied in the pediatric population. There are even fewer studies reporting patient-reported outcomes after surgical treatment of AH tears in DLM.

Purpose: To compare reported outcomes after surgical treatment of DLM tears involving the AH versus other locations in pediatric patients.

Dyssynchronous diaphragm contractions impair diaphragm function in mechanically ventilated patients.

Background: Pre-clinical studies suggest that dyssynchronous diaphragm contractions during mechanical ventilation may cause acute diaphragm dysfunction. We aimed to describe the variability in diaphragm contractile loading conditions during mechanical ventilation and to establish whether dyssynchronous diaphragm contractions are associated with the development of impaired diaphragm dysfunction.

Methods: In patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation for pneumonia, septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or acute brain injury, airway flow and pressure and diaphragm electrical activity (Edi) were recorded hourly around the clock for up to 7 days.

OXR1 maintains the retromer to delay brain aging under dietary restriction.

Dietary restriction (DR) delays aging, but the mechanism remains unclear. We identified polymorphisms in mtd, the fly homolog of OXR1, which influenced lifespan and mtd expression in response to DR. Knockdown in adulthood inhibited DR-mediated lifespan extension in female flies.

Tidal volume delivery during nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation: infant cannula vs. nasal continuous positive airway pressure prongs.

Objective: To measure tidal volume delivery during nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation with two nasal interfaces: infant cannula and nasal prongs.

Study Design: A single-center crossover study of neonates with mild respiratory distress. Fifteen preterm neonates were randomized to initial interface of infant cannula or nasal prongs and monitored on a sequence of pressure settings first on the initial interface, then repeated on the alternate interface.

Predicting extubation in patients with traumatic cervical spinal cord injury using the diaphragm electrical activity during a single maximal maneuver.

Background: The unsuccessful extubation in patients with traumatic cervical spinal cord injuries (CSCI) may result from impairment diaphragm function and monitoring of diaphragm electrical activity (EAdi) can be informative in guiding extubation. We aimed to evaluate whether the change of EAdi during a single maximal maneuver can predict extubation outcomes in CSCI patients.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of CSCI patients requiring mechanical ventilation in the ICU of a tertiary hospital.

Neuronal Glycogen Breakdown Mitigates Tauopathy via Pentose Phosphate Pathway-Mediated Oxidative Stress Reduction.

Tauopathies encompass a range of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Unfortunately, current treatment approaches for tauopathies have yielded limited success, underscoring the pressing need for novel therapeutic strategies. We observed distinct signatures of impaired glycogen metabolism in the brain of the tauopathy model and the brain of AD patients, indicating a link between tauopathies and glycogen metabolism.

Relationship Between Age and Pathology With Treatment of Pediatric and Adolescent Discoid Lateral Meniscus: A Report From the SCORE Multicenter Database.

Background: Surgical treatment options of discoid lateral meniscus in pediatric patients consist of saucerization with or without meniscal repair, meniscocapular stabilization, and, less often, subtotal meniscectomy.

Purpose: To describe a large, prospectively collected multicenter cohort of discoid menisci undergoing surgical intervention, and further investigate corresponding treatment of discoid menisci.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Estimation of transpulmonary driving pressure during synchronized mechanical ventilation using a single lower assist maneuver (LAM) in rabbits: a comparison to measurements made with an esophageal balloon.

Background: Mechanical ventilation is applied to unload the respiratory muscles, but knowledge about transpulmonary driving pressure (ΔP) is important to minimize lung injury. We propose a method to estimate ΔP during neurally synchronized assisted ventilation, with a simple intervention of lowering the assist for one breath ("lower assist maneuver", LAM).

Methods: In 24 rabbits breathing spontaneously with imposed loads, titrations of increasing assist were performed, with two neurally synchronized modes: neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) and neurally triggered pressure support (NPS).

Reliability of MRI Interpretation of Discoid Lateral Meniscus: A Multicenter Study.

Background: Discoid lateral meniscus (DLM) has a varied and complex morphology that can be challenging to assess and treat. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is frequently used for diagnosis and surgical planning; however, it is not known whether surgeons are reliable and accurate in their interpretation of MRI findings when defining the pathomorphology of DLM.

Hypothesis: Surgeons experienced in treating DLM are able to reliably interpret DLM pathology using MRI.

Feasibility and Safety of Personalized, Multi-Target, Adoptive Cell Therapy (IMA101): First-in-Human Clinical Trial in Patients with Advanced Metastatic Cancer.

IMA101 is an actively personalized, multi-targeted adoptive cell therapy (ACT), whereby autologous T cells are directed against multiple novel defined peptide-HLA (pHLA) cancer targets. HLA-A*02:01-positive patients with relapsed/refractory solid tumors expressing ≥1 of 8 predefined targets underwent leukapheresis. Endogenous T cells specific for up to 4 targets were primed and expanded in vitro.

From CO to DME: Enhancement through Heteropoly Acids from a Catalyst Screening and Stability Study.

The direct synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) CO hydrogenation in a single step was studied using an improved class of bifunctional catalysts in a fixed bed reactor ( : 210-270 °C; 40 bar; gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) 19,800 NL kg h; ratio CO/H/N 3:9:2). The competitive bifunctional catalysts tested in here consist of a surface-basic copper/zinc oxide/zirconia (CZZ) methanol-producing part and a variable surface-acidic methanol dehydration part and were tested in overall 45 combinations. As dehydration catalysts, zeolites (ferrierite and β-zeolite), alumina, or zirconia were tested alone as well as with a coating of Keggin-type heteropoly acids (HPAs), i.

Controlled Ankle Movement (CAM) Boot Provides Improved Outcomes With Lower Complications Than Short Leg Walking Cast in Low-energy Pediatric Lateral Ankle Injuries: A Prospective, Randomized Study.

Background: Low-energy lateral ankle injuries (Salter-Harris 1 distal fibula, distal fibula avulsion fractures, and radiograph-negative lateral ankle injuries) are common in pediatric patients. Patient-based outcomes for the 2 treatment options, short leg walking cast (CAST) and controlled ankle motion (CAM) boot, are unknown. This study aims to determine differences between 2 treatments of low-energy lateral ankle injuries in pediatric patients.

Continuous Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Assay for Measuring Phospholipase Activity against Liposomes.

Phospholipases have diverse roles in lipid and cell membrane biology. In animal venoms, they can have roles as neurotoxins or myotoxins that disrupt the integrity of cell membranes. In this work, we describe a temperature-controlled, continuous electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) assay for measuring phospholipase A activity against liposomes.

Variability in Pain Management Practices for Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Background: The opioid epidemic in the United States is a public health crisis. Pediatric orthopaedic surgeons must balance adequate pain management with minimizing the risk of opioid misuse or dependence. There is limited data available to guide pain management for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) in the pediatric population.

Age, Sex, and BMI Differences Related to Repairable Meniscal Tears in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients.

Background: The incidence of meniscus tears and ACL tears in pediatric patients continues to rise, bringing to question the risk factors associated with these injuries. As meniscus tears are commonly repaired in pediatric populations, the epidemiology of repairable meniscus tears is an important for consideration for surgeons evaluating treatment options.

Purpose: To describe meniscal tear patterns in pediatric and adolescent patients who underwent meniscal repair across multiple institutions and surgeons, as well as to evaluate the relationship between age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) and their effect on the prevalence, type, and displacement of repaired pediatric meniscal tears.

Arthroscopic Treatment of Symptomatic Discoid Lateral Meniscus and Nondiscoid Meniscus in Adolescent Patients.

Background: Discoid lateral meniscus (DLM) is a rare condition. Patient-reported outcomes using validated instruments are underreported in the literature. DLM outcomes have not been directly compared with nondiscoid meniscus (non-DLM) in adolescent patients.

Challenges and opportunities associated with the MD Anderson IMPACT2 randomized study in precision oncology.

We investigated the challenges of conducting IMPACT2, an ongoing randomized study that evaluates molecular testing and targeted therapy (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02152254). Patients with metastatic cancer underwent tumor profiling and were randomized between the two arms when eligibility criteria were met (Part A).

Meniscus Repair in Pediatric Athletes.

Meniscus tears are common in the pediatric population, typically occur after noncontact injuries, and can be diagnosed clinically with MRI confirmation. Surgery should be offered to patients with loss of range of motion, persistent symptoms, or displaced/complex tears. Given poor long-term outcomes reported after meniscectomy, repair should be attempted when possible as pediatric menisci are well vascularized and have better outcomes after repair than their adult counterparts.