Structural and functional analysis of Sulfolobus solfataricus Y-family DNA polymerase Dpo4-catalyzed bypass of the malondialdehyde-deoxyguanosine adduct.

Oxidative stress can induce the formation of reactive electrophiles, such as DNA peroxidation products, e.g., base propenals, and lipid peroxidation products, e.

Translesion DNA synthesis by human DNA polymerase eta on templates containing a pyrimidopurinone deoxyguanosine adduct, 3-(2'-deoxy-beta-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)pyrimido-[1,2-a]purin-10(3H)-one.

M(1)dG (3-(2'-deoxy-beta-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-a]purin-10(3H)-one) lesions are mutagenic in bacterial and mammalian cells, leading to base substitutions (mostly M(1)dG to dT and M(1)dG to dA) and frameshift mutations. M(1)dG is produced endogenously through the reaction of peroxidation products, base propenal or malondialdehyde, with deoxyguanosine residues in DNA. The mutagenicity of M(1)dG in Escherichia coli is dependent on the SOS response, specifically the umuC and umuD gene products, suggesting that mutagenic lesion bypass occurs by the action of translesion DNA polymerases, like DNA polymerase V.

Prostaglandin E2 inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha RNA through PKA type I.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a cytokine that may contribute to the pathogenesis of septic shock, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and diabetes. Prostaglandins endogenously produced by macrophages act in an autocrine fashion to limit TNF-alpha production. We investigated the timing and signaling pathway of prostaglandin-mediated inhibition of TNF-alpha production in Raw 264.

Desmethyl derivatives of indomethacin and sulindac as probes for cyclooxygenase-dependent biology.

Cyclooxygenases (COX) have been implicated in the etiology of a number of diseases, but defining the precise contribution of COXs to these diseases is challenging. Potent COX inhibitors exist, but they display off-target effects. 2'-Desmethyl derivatives of indomethacin and sulindac sulfide were synthesized that demonstrated reduced COX inhibitory activity but were inducers of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-dependent transcription, adipocyte differentiation, or apoptosis of colon cancer cell lines.