Association between respiratory disease pathogens in calves near feedlot arrival with treatment for bovine respiratory disease and subsequent antimicrobial resistance status.

Introduction: This study assessed the risk of first treatment for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) given detection of nasopharyngeal bacteria (, and ) and corresponding likelihood of antimicrobial susceptibility (C/S) at two time points during the early feeding period. Relationships between C/S results and later treatment for BRD were evaluated at both the calf-level and pen-level. The association between calf-level and pen-level C/S findings during the early feeding period and subsequent C/S results at BRD treatment were also reported.

Variation in Pen-Level Prevalence of BRD Bacterial Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance Following Feedlot Arrival in Beef Calves.

Antimicrobials are crucial for treating bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in beef feedlots. Evidence is needed to support antimicrobial use (AMU) decisions, particularly in the early part of the feeding period when BRD risk is highest. The study objective was to describe changes in prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of BRD bacterial pathogens at feedlot processing (1 day on feed (1DOF)), 12 days later (13DOF), and for a subset at 36DOF following metaphylactic antimicrobial treatment.

Changes in the phenotypic susceptibility of isolates to macrolide antimicrobials during the early feeding period following metaphylactic tulathromycin use in western Canadian feedlot calves.

Cattle at high-risk for bovine respiratory disease on entry to western Canadian feedlots are often treated metaphylactically with antimicrobials from the macrolide class. High levels of resistance to macrolides have been reported in isolates from clinical samples, but it is less clear whether this trend extends to the broader feedlot population. The objective was to describe near-term [< 40 days on feed (DOF)] changes in the recovery and susceptibility of isolates from healthy feedlot calves after metaphylactic exposure to tulathromycin.

Evaluating the potential of third generation metagenomic sequencing for the detection of BRD pathogens and genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance in chronically ill feedlot cattle.

Background: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality and is responsible for most of the injectable antimicrobial use in the feedlot industry. Traditional bacterial culture can be used to diagnose BRD by confirming the presence of causative pathogens and to support antimicrobial selection. However, given that bacterial culture takes up to a week and early intervention is critical for treatment success, culture has limited utility for informing rapid therapeutic decision-making.

Eltrombopag in pediatric chronic and refractory ITP: data from a retrospective multicenter study from Lebanon.

About 20% to 30% of pediatric patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) develop chronic or refractory disease lasting 12 months or more that can be challenging to treat. Eltrombopag is being used after failure of previous lines of therapy with good results at tertiary healthcare centers in Lebanon, a developing country with available multidisciplinary treatment modalities. This is a retrospective multicenter observational study that analyzed data on pediatric patients with chronic or refractory ITP who were given eltrombopag as second- or third-line therapy in 6 large referral hospitals in Beirut (country capital located in mid Lebanon), South, North, and Mount Lebanon between October 2016 and May 2020.