Neighborhood disorder and social cohesion: A longitudinal investigation of links with maternal cardiometabolic risk one year postpartum.

Objective: Neighborhood characteristics can influence cardiometabolic health, including during the perinatal period. However, maternal health research has largely examined the influence of objective neighborhood measures, limiting insights into psychological and social processes. We examined associations of perceived neighborhood disorder and social cohesion with maternal cardiometabolic risk 1 year postpartum and explored potential pathways of psychological distress and physical activity.

Development of a codebook for the narrative analysis of in-hospital trauma interviews of patients following stroke.

Given their sudden onset and life-threatening consequences, strokes and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) can trigger posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). To gain a deeper understanding of the potential influence of factors in patients' descriptions of these medical events on PTSD, we conducted a standardized trauma interview with a convenience sample of patients hospitalized for suspected stroke/TIA (N = 98) to assess the details and emotional experience of the stroke/TIA event. Three researchers reviewed the interviews and the research literature on risk and protective factors for PTSD.

Dimensions of posttraumatic stress disorder and menopause-related health in midlife women veterans.

Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked with menopause symptoms (eg, vasomotor, urinary) and their sequelae (eg, sexual difficulties). However, PTSD is a heterogeneous disorder, and less is known about which aspects may be most associated with menopause-related health.

Methods: Using confirmatory factor analyses, we evaluated five structural models of PTSD symptoms in 208 predominately postmenopausal women veterans (aged 45-64 years).

Migraine headache in patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection: A report of the iSCAD Registry.

Introduction: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a nonatherosclerotic cause of myocardial infarction. Migraine headache has been reported to be common among patients with SCAD, but the degree of migraine-related disability has not been quantified.

Methods: Clinical data and headache variables were obtained from the baseline assessment of the prospective, multicenter iSCAD Registry.

Salivary inflammatory biomarkers as a predictor of post-traumatic stress disorder and depressive symptom severity in trauma patients: A prospective study.

Background: Although post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression screening are recommended for traumatic injury patients, routine screening is still uncommon. Salivary inflammatory biomarkers have biological plausibility and potential feasibility and acceptability for screening. This study tested prospective associations between several salivary inflammatory biomarkers (proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α; and C-reactive protein), collected during hospitalization and PTSD and depressive symptoms at 5-month follow-up.

Effects of genetically predicted posttraumatic stress disorder on autoimmune phenotypes.

Observational studies suggest that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) increases risk for various autoimmune diseases. Insights into shared biology and causal relationships between these diseases may inform intervention approaches to PTSD and co-morbid autoimmune conditions. We investigated the shared genetic contributions and causal relationships between PTSD, 18 autoimmune diseases, and 3 immune/inflammatory biomarkers.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Is Associated With Elevated Risk of Incident Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack in Women Veterans.

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with ischemic heart disease in women veterans, but evidence for associations with other cardiovascular disorders remains limited in this population. This retrospective longitudinal cohort study evaluated the association of PTSD with incident stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) in women veterans.

Methods And Results: Veterans Health Administration electronic health records were used to identify women veterans aged ≥18 years engaged with Veterans Health Administration health care from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2019.

Post-traumatic stress disorder symptom remission and cognition in a large cohort of civilian women.

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with cognitive impairments. It is unclear whether problems persist after PTSD symptoms remit.

Methods: Data came from 12 270 trauma-exposed women in the Nurses' Health Study II.

Antihypertensive Medications and PTSD Incidence in a Trauma Cohort.

Antihypertensive medications have been examined as agents for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevention in trauma-exposed individuals, given well-documented associations between PTSD and increased risk of cardiovascular disease and purported trauma-relevant mechanisms of action for these medications. Evidence regarding the effectiveness of such drugs for this purpose remains mixed. We conducted a national population-based cohort study using data from Danish national registries to assess whether 4 classes of antihypertensive drugs (beta-adrenoceptor blockers [beta blockers], angiotensin II receptor blockers [ARBs], angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers) were associated with a decreased incidence of PTSD (diagnosed according to ) over a 22-year study period.

Introduction to the Special Section on the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies 38th Annual Meeting: Trauma as a transdiagnostic risk factor across the lifespan.

This article serves as an introduction to the special section in the Journal of Traumatic Stress related to the 38th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, held in Atlanta, Georgia (USA) in November 2022. The theme of this meeting, "Trauma as a Transdiagnostic Risk Factor Across the Lifespan," provided an opportunity to recognize the far-reaching impact of trauma and how traumatic experiences can become embedded into the mind, body, and societal spirit. This introductory article outlines the importance of harnessing multiple perspectives to address these wide-ranging sequelae of trauma and provides an overview of the series of contributions to the special section.

Exercise Mitigates Flow Recirculation and Activates Mechanosensitive Transcriptome to Uncover Endothelial SCD1-Catalyzed Anti-Inflammatory Metabolites.

Exercise modulates vascular plasticity in multiple organ systems; however, the metabolomic transducers underlying exercise and vascular protection in the disturbed flow-prone vasculature remain under-investigated. We simulated exercise-augmented pulsatile shear stress (PSS) to mitigate flow recirculation in the lesser curvature of the aortic arch. When human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were subjected to PSS ( = 50 dyne·cm , ∂τ/∂t = 71 dyne·cm ·s , 1 Hz), untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD1) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) catalyzed the fatty acid metabolite, oleic acid (OA), to mitigate inflammatory mediators.

Stressful life events and accelerated biological aging over time in youths.

Experiencing adversity in childhood and adolescence, including stressful life events (SLEs), may accelerate the pace of development, leading to adverse mental and physical health. However, most research on adverse early experiences and biological aging (BA) in youths relies on cross-sectional designs. In 171 youths followed for approximately 2 years, we examined if SLEs over follow-up predicted rate of change in two BA metrics: epigenetic age and Tanner stage.

Correlates of Skin Conductance Reactivity to Stroke-Related Trauma Reminders During Hospitalization for Stroke.

Objective: Although several risk factors for stroke-induced posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been identified, objective risk measures that can be detected in the acute aftermath of these events are needed. This study is the first to collect an objective measure of psychophysiological arousal-skin conductance (SC) reactivity to a trauma interview-in patients after stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) and investigate correlates of SC reactivity.

Methods: Mobile SC measurement during a resting baseline and standardized trauma interview was performed in-hospital in 98 individuals following stroke/TIA.

Psychological and biological mechanisms linking trauma with cardiovascular disease risk.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and experiences of psychological trauma have been associated with subsequent CVD onset. Identifying key pathways connecting trauma with CVD has the potential to inform more targeted screening and intervention efforts to offset elevated cardiovascular risk. In this narrative review, we summarize the evidence for key psychological and biological mechanisms linking experiences of trauma with CVD risk.

Skin Conductance Reactivity as a Predictor of Stroke-induced Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: A Dimensional Approach.

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms can develop following acute, life-threatening medical events. This study explores a potential biomarker of PTSD risk that is novel to a medical trauma population: a noninvasive, mobile skin conductance (SC) measurement.

Methods: Participants (=64) were enrolled in-hospital following a stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).

Dimensions of Early Adversity and Sexual Behavior in a US Population-Based Adolescent Sample.

Purpose: Early life adversity (ELA) is associated with sexual risk, but ELA dimensions-and potential mechanisms-have been less examined. We evaluated associations between threat and deprivation-two key ELA dimensions-and sexual behaviors in adolescents. Secondary analyses investigated age at menarche as a mechanism linking ELA with sexual outcomes in girls.