Lead exposure in preterm infants receiving red blood cell transfusions.

Background: Preterm infants may inadvertently be exposed to lead from the packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusions with almost no or very limited data available. The aim of the study was to quantify this exposure in preterm infants ≤30 wk gestational age (GA).

Methods: Prospective cohort study, infants ≤30 wk GA were eligible, infants < 23 wk GA and known chromosomal diseases were excluded.

Young people and social action: youth participation in the United Kingdom and United States.

This chapter provides two case studies of projects in the United Kingdom and United States using a social action approach to encourage youth participation and civic engagement. The authors provide a snapshot of U.K.