Economic foraging in a floral marketplace: asymmetrically dominated decoy effects in bumblebees.

While most models of decision-making assume that individuals assign options absolute values, animals often assess options comparatively, violating principles of economic rationality. Such 'irrational' preferences are especially common when two rewards vary along multiple dimensions of quality and a third, 'decoy' option is available. Bumblebees are models of decision-making, yet whether they are subject to decoy effects is unknown.

CRISPR metabolic screen identifies ATM and KEAP1 as targetable genetic vulnerabilities in solid tumors.

Cancer treatments targeting DNA repair deficiencies often encounter drug resistance, possibly due to alternative metabolic pathways that counteract the most damaging effects. To identify such alternative pathways, we screened for metabolic pathways exhibiting synthetic lethality with inhibition of the DNA damage response kinase Ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) using a metabolism-centered Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 library. Our data revealed Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) as a key factor involved in desensitizing cancer cells to ATM inhibition both in vitro and in vivo.

In vivo pharmacokinetic study of remdesivir dry powder for inhalation in hamsters.

Remdesivir dry powder for inhalation was previously developed using thin film freezing (TFF). A single-dose 24-h pharmacokinetic study in hamsters demonstrated that pulmonary delivery of TFF remdesivir can achieve plasma remdesivir and GS-441524 levels higher than the reported ECs of both remdesivir and GS-441524 (in human epithelial cells) over 20 h. The half-life of GS-4412524 following dry powder insufflation was about 7 h, suggesting the dosing regimen would be twice-daily administration.

Rationally Designed Redox-Active Au(I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene: An Immunogenic Cell Death Inducer.

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a way of reengaging the tumor-specific immune system. ICD can be induced by treatment with chemotherapeutics. However, only a limited number of drugs and other treatment modalities have been shown to elicit the biomarker responses characteristic of ICD and to provide an anticancer benefit in vivo.