Bone turnover markers, and growth and bone parameters in infants participating in a vitamin D intervention study.

Amino-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP) and carboxy-terminal crosslinked telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-I) are markers of bone metabolism. We examined the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on these markers and their relationship with growth and bone parameters in 12-month-old infants. In a randomized, double-blinded, vitamin D intervention in infants (VIDI) study, 987 infants received daily vitamin D3 supplementation of 10 μg (group-10) or 30 μg (group-30) from age 2 weeks to 24 months.

Low-grade inflammation from prenatal period to age 6-8 years in a Vitamin D trial.

Background: Low-grade systemic inflammation measured as high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) has been associated with non-communicable disease risk. We assessed whether prenatal inflammation and early-childhood vitamin D are associated with inflammation until age 6-8.

Methods: We analyzed blood hs-CRP and 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] in pregnancy, at birth from umbilical cord blood (UCB), from offspring at ages 1, 2, and 6-8 years in the Vitamin D Intervention in Infants (VIDI) study.

Variation in the fibroblast growth factor 23 () gene associates with serum FGF23 and bone strength in infants.

The effects of genetic variation in fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) are unclear. This study explores the associations of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of with phosphate and vitamin D metabolism and bone strength in early childhood. The study is part of the vitamin D intervention in infant (VIDI) trial (2013-2016), in which healthy term infants born to mothers of Northern European origin received vitamin D supplementation of 10 or 30 μg/day from 2 weeks to 24 months of age (ClinicalTrials.

Alkaline Phosphatase and Hyperphosphatasemia in Vitamin D Trial in Healthy Infants and Toddlers.

Context: Childhood hyperphosphatasemia is usually transient and may be associated with infections. It remains less well known how hyperphosphatasemia is related to growth and bone mineralization.

Objective: We explored alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations and prevalence of hyperphosphatasemia, and their association with vitamin D, growth, infections, and bone parameters in healthy children.

Collagen X Biomarker (CXM), Linear Growth, and Bone Development in a Vitamin D Intervention Study in Infants.

Collagen X biomarker (CXM) is suggested to be a biomarker of linear growth velocity. However, early childhood data are limited. This study examines the relationship of CXM to the linear growth rate and bone development, including the possible modifying effects of vitamin D supplementation.

Iron status in early childhood is modified by diet, sex and growth: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled vitamin D trial.

Background & Aims: During early childhood the risk of iron deficiency (ID) is high. Serum ferritin serves as a marker of iron status. We explored prevalence of ID and iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and identified determinants of iron status in infants and toddlers.

Prenatal maternal and cord blood vitamin D concentrations and negative affectivity in infancy.

Higher maternal vitamin D concentration during pregnancy is associated with better child mental health. Negative affectivity, an early-emerging temperamental trait, indicates an increased risk of psychopathology. We investigated if maternal early/mid-pregnancy 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and neonatal cord blood 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with Negative affectivity in infancy.

Effect of High-Dose vs Standard-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Neurodevelopment of Healthy Term Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Vitamin D may be important for neurodevelopment. The optimal daily dose of vitamin D for early brain development is not known.

Objectives: To test whether a higher (1200 IU) vs standard (400 IU) dose of vitamin D3 has beneficial effects on neurodevelopment in the first 2 years of life and whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration is associated with neurodevelopment.

Phosphate Concentrations and Modifying Factors in Healthy Children From 12 to 24 Months of Age.

Context: Phosphate homeostasis and its modifiers in early childhood are inadequately characterized.

Objective: To determine physiological plasma phosphate concentration and modifying factors in healthy infants at 12 to 24 months of age.

Design: This study included 525 healthy infants (53% girls), who participated in a randomized vitamin D intervention trial and received daily vitamin D3 supplementation of either 10 or 30 μg from age 2 weeks to 24 months.

Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of aggregate data from randomised controlled trials.

Background: A 2017 meta-analysis of data from 25 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) revealed a protective effect of this intervention. We aimed to examine the link between vitamin D supplementation and prevention of ARIs in an updated meta-analysis.

Methods: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and the ClinicalTrials.

The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation During Infancy on Growth During the First 2 Years of Life.

Context: The relationship between maternal and infant vitamin D and early childhood growth remains inadequately understood.

Objective: This work aimed to investigate how maternal and child 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and vitamin D supplementation affect growth during the first 2 years of life.

Methods: A randomized, double-blinded, single-center intervention study was conducted from pregnancy until offspring age 2 years.

Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) in 12- and 24-month-old children - Practical aspects and descriptive data.

Background: Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) is a useful tool to assess detailed bone characteristics. Its utility in infants is however limited due to lack of reference data and technical challenges. The purpose of this study was to provide data on length- and weight-adjusted pQCT values and to present a quality grading system for healthy children aged 12 and 24 months.

Fibroblast growth factor 23 concentrations and modifying factors in children from age 12 to 24 months.

Background And Objectives: Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) participates in phosphate, calcium and vitamin D metabolism. In children these interactions and modifying factors are largely unknown.

Participants And Methods: This study evaluates temporal changes and modifiers of FGF23 concentrations from 12 to 24 months, in healthy children, participating in a randomized vitamin D intervention (VIDI).

Genetic variation in GC and CYP2R1 affects 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and skeletal parameters: A genome-wide association study in 24-month-old Finnish children.

Vitamin D is important for normal skeletal homeostasis, especially in growing children. There are no previous genome-wide association (GWA) studies exploring genetic factors that influence vitamin D metabolism in early childhood. We performed a GWA study on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and response to supplementation in 761 healthy term-born Finnish 24-month-old children, who participated in a randomized clinical trial comparing effects of 10 μg and 30 μg of daily vitamin D supplementation from age 2 weeks to 24 months.

Genetic Variation of the Vitamin D Binding Protein Affects Vitamin D Status and Response to Supplementation in Infants.

Context: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the vitamin D binding protein encoding the GC (group component) gene affect 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations, but their influence on vitamin D status and response to vitamin D supplementation in infants is unknown.

Objective: To study GC genotype-related differences in 25OHD concentrations and the response to supplementation during a vitamin D intervention study in infants.

Design: In this randomized controlled trial, healthy term infants received vitamin D3 (10 or 30 μg/d) from 2 weeks to 24 months of age.

High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation Does Not Prevent Allergic Sensitization of Infants.

Objective: To investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation dose on allergic sensitization and allergic diseases in infants, and to evaluate whether vitamin D status in pregnancy and at birth are associated with infant allergy outcomes.

Study Design: Altogether, 975 infants participated in a randomized, controlled trial of daily vitamin D supplementation of 10 μg (400 IU) or 30 μg (1200 IU) from the age of 2 weeks. At 12 months of age, food and aeroallergen IgE antibodies were measured, and the occurrence of allergic diseases and wheezing were evaluated.

High Pregnancy, Cord Blood, and Infant Vitamin D Concentrations May Predict Slower Infant Growth.

Context: The relationship of maternal and infant 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration [25(OH)D] with infant growth is unclear.

Objective: Our objective was to explore whether 25(OH)D in pregnancy, umbilical cord blood (UCB), or in infancy was associated with infant growth.

Design: This study involved 798 healthy infants and their mothers in Finland.

Effect of Higher vs Standard Dosage of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Bone Strength and Infection in Healthy Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Although guidelines for vitamin D supplementation in infants have been widely implemented, they are mostly based on studies focusing on prevention of rickets. The optimal dose for bone strength and infection prevention in healthy infants remains unclear.

Objective: To determine whether daily supplementation with 1200 IU of vitamin D3 increases bone strength or decreases incidence of infections in the first 2 years of life compared with a dosage of 400 IU/d.

Maternal vitamin D status, gestational diabetes and infant birth size.

Background: Maternal vitamin D status has been associated with both gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and fetal growth restriction, however, the evidence is inconsistent. In Finland, maternal vitamin D status has improved considerably due to national health policies. Our objective was to compare maternal 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentrations [25(OH)D] between mothers with and without GDM, and to investigate if an association existed between maternal vitamin D concentration and infant birth size.

Food and Nutrient Intake and Nutrient Sources in 1-Year-Old Infants in Finland: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

The infant diet has short- and long-term health consequences. Updated data regarding the dietary intake of Finnish infants are lacking. The objectives of this study were to describe infant food and nutrient intake and to identify food sources of the nutrients.

Sex and Iron Modify Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Concentration in 1-Year-Old Children.

Context: Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) plays an important role in phosphate homeostasis, but its regulation is inadequately characterized.

Objective: To examine FGF23 regulators, especially sex and iron status, in early childhood.

Design: A cross-sectional study involving 1-year-old children.

A History of Cow's Milk Allergy Is Associated with Lower Vitamin D Status in Schoolchildren.

Background/aims: Vitamin D insufficiency is common in children. We aimed to evaluate the main determinants of vitamin D status in Finnish school-aged children, including the history of allergic diseases.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 171 ten-year-olds where serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels were measured, and data on food consumption and use of vitamin D supplements were collected.

No Severe Hypercalcemia with Daily Vitamin D3 Supplementation of up to 30 µg during the First Year of Life.

Background: Vitamin D supplementation is widely recommended for infants, but the optimal dose remains unclear. High intake may result in hypercalcemia.

Methods: We evaluated the incidence of hypercalcemia during the first year of life in a cohort of 987 healthy children who received 10 or 30 μg of vitamin D3 supplementation daily.