Predicting suitable habitats for foraging and migration in Eastern Indian Ocean pygmy blue whales from satellite tracking data.

Background: Accurate predictions of animal occurrence in time and space are crucial for informing and implementing science-based management strategies for threatened species.

Methods: We compiled known, available satellite tracking data for pygmy blue whales in the Eastern Indian Ocean (n = 38), applied movement models to define low (foraging and reproduction) and high (migratory) move persistence underlying location estimates and matched these with environmental data. We then used machine learning models to identify the relationship between whale occurrence and environment, and predict foraging and migration habitat suitability in Australia and Southeast Asia.

Genetic Variation of Turnip Yellows Virus in Arable and Vegetable Brassica Crops, Perennial Wild Brassicas, and Aphid Vectors Collected from the Plants.

(TuYV; , ) infects and causes yield losses in a range of economically important crop species, particularly the Brassicaceae. It is persistently transmitted by several aphid species and is difficult to control. Although the incidence and genetic diversity of TuYV has been extensively investigated in recent years, little is known about how the diversity within host plants relates to that in its vectors.

Effectiveness of topical gabapentin in the treatment of vulvodynia: a narrative synthesis.

Vulvodynia is a leading cause of dyspareunia in premenopausal women, causing considerable morbidity and sexual dysfunction. A multimodal approach is used to treat vulvodynia. Alongside psychosocial interventions and physiotherapy, pharmacological treatment such as oral gabapentin are used in the treatment of vulvodynia.

Is Newborn Screening the Ultimate Strategy to Reduce Diagnostic Delays in Pompe Disease? The Parent and Patient Perspective.

Pompe disease (PD) is a rare, autosomal-recessively inherited deficiency in the enzyme acid α-glucosidase. It is a spectrum disorder; age at symptom onset and rate of deterioration can vary considerably. In affected infants prognosis is poor, such that without treatment most infants die within the first year of life.

Identification and QTL mapping of resistance to Turnip yellows virus (TuYV) in oilseed rape, Brassica napus.

Partially dominant resistance to Turnip yellows virus associated with one major QTL was identified in the natural allotetraploid oilseed rape cultivar Yudal. Turnip yellows virus (TuYV) is transmitted by the peach-potato aphid (Myzus persicae) and causes severe yield losses in commercial oilseed rape crops (Brassica napus). There is currently only one genetic resource for resistance to TuYV available in brassica, which was identified in the re-synthesised B.

Viral Strain-Specific Differential Alterations in Arabidopsis Developmental Patterns.

Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) infections affect many Arabidopsis developmental traits. This paper analyzes, at different levels, the development-related differential alterations induced by different strains of TuMV, represented by isolates UK 1 and JPN 1. The genomic sequence of JPN 1 TuMV isolate revealed highest divergence in the P1 and P3 viral cistrons, upon comparison with the UK 1 sequence.

Long-Term Treatment with High-Dose Thiamine in Parkinson Disease: An Open-Label Pilot Study.

Objectives: To investigate the potential clinical, restorative, and neuroprotective effects of long-term treatment with thiamine in Parkinson disease (PD).

Design: Observational open-label pilot study.

Setting: Outpatient neurologic rehabilitation clinic.

Effect of surfactant treatment on swelling behaviour of normal and waxy cereal starches.

Starch swelling behaviour greatly affects its functionality in a food matrix. For some granular starches pre-treatment with the surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate, is known to dramatically affect swelling behaviour. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of this surfactant treatment on the swelling behaviour of a variety of waxy and normal cereal starches.

Topographic determinants of mobile vertebrate predator hotspots: current knowledge and future directions.

Despite being identified as a driver of mobile predator aggregations (hotspots) in both marine and terrestrial environments, topographic complexity has long remained a challenging concept for scientists to visualise and a difficult parameter to estimate. It is only with the advent of high-speed computers and the recent popularisation of geographical information systems (GIS) that terrain attributes have begun to be quantitatively measured in three-dimensional space and related to wildlife dynamics, making the well-established field of geomorphometry (or 'digital terrain modelling') a discipline of growing appeal to biologists. Although a diverse array of numerical metrics is now available to describe the shape, geometry and physical properties of natural habitats, few of these are known to, or adequately used by, ecologists.

Multiple copies of eukaryotic translation initiation factors in Brassica rapa facilitate redundancy, enabling diversification through variation in splicing and broad-spectrum virus resistance.

Recessive strain-specific resistance to a number of plant viruses in the Potyvirus genus has been found to be based on mutations in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and its isoform, eIF(iso)4E. We identified three copies of eIF(iso)4E in a number of Brassica rapa lines. Here we report broad-spectrum resistance to the potyvirus Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) due to a natural mechanism based on the mis-splicing of the eIF(iso)4E allele in some TuMV-resistant B.

Weight loss for individuals with type 2 diabetes following a very-low-calorie diet in a community-based setting with trained facilitators for 12 weeks.

What Is Already Known About This Subject: Approximately 80% of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are overweight or obese. Weight loss produces numerous benefits in T2DM. People with T2DM have difficulty losing and maintaining weight.

Identification, optimisation and in vivo evaluation of oxadiazole DGAT-1 inhibitors for the treatment of obesity and diabetes.

A novel series of DGAT-1 inhibitors was discovered from an oxadiazole amide high throughput screening (HTS) hit. Optimisation of potency and ligand lipophilicity efficiency (LLE) resulted in a carboxylic acid containing clinical candidate 53 (AZD3988), which demonstrated excellent DGAT-1 potency (0.6 nM), good pharmacokinetics and pre-clinical in vivo efficacy that could be rationalised through a PK/PD relationship.

High-resolution temporal profiling of transcripts during Arabidopsis leaf senescence reveals a distinct chronology of processes and regulation.

Leaf senescence is an essential developmental process that impacts dramatically on crop yields and involves altered regulation of thousands of genes and many metabolic and signaling pathways, resulting in major changes in the leaf. The regulation of senescence is complex, and although senescence regulatory genes have been characterized, there is little information on how these function in the global control of the process. We used microarray analysis to obtain a high-resolution time-course profile of gene expression during development of a single leaf over a 3-week period to senescence.

Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is able to use alleles of both eIF4E and eIF(iso)4E from multiple loci of the diploid Brassica rapa.

Three copies of eIF4E and three copies of eIF(iso)4E have been identified and sequenced from a Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV)-susceptible, inbred, diploid Brassica rapa line, R-o-18. One of the copies of eIF4E lacked exons 2 and 3 and appeared to be a pseudogene. The two other copies of eIF4E and two of the three copies of eIF(iso)4E were isolated from a bacterial artificial chromosome library of R-o-18.

Transsexual primary care.

Purpose: Transsexual presentations in primary care stress mainstream health care physical resources, institutional organization, and the cultural flexibility of providers and interdisciplinary staff. This article describes the ethical landscape, examines gender identity culture, and considers gender reassignment physiology. Nurse practitioners are challenged to advocate for this population.

Amine-promoted synthesis of vinyl aziridines.

N-Unsubstituted vinyl aziridines were synthesized via an amine-promoted regioselective nucleophilic aziridination of alpha,beta,gamma,delta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The reaction is completely regioselective (>95: 5) for the alpha,beta-alkene and completely diastereoselective, affording the trans-vinyl aziridine in moderate-to-good yields.

Nephrostomy insertion for patients with bilateral ureteric obstruction caused by prostate cancer.

Ureteric obstruction causing renal failure is a serious complication of advanced prostate cancer. Percutaneous nephrostomies (PCNs) are used to decompress the obstructed kidney(s). This study aims to identify whether bilateral PCN insertion confers any advantage over unilateral PCN insertion for patients with bilateral ureteric obstruction.

Organocatalytic synthesis of beta-alkylaspartates via beta-lactone ring opening.

Cinchona alkaloid-catalyzed reaction of ethyl glyoxylate with substituted ketenes, formed in situ, gives disubstituted beta-lactones in moderate yield and high enantiomeric excess. Subsequent azide ring opening, reduction, and ester hydrolysis allows access to chiral beta-alkyl aspartates.

The screening and treatment of undiagnosed depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a general practice.

Aims And Objectives: To screen for, and to treat, depression in COPD patients in a general practice surgery, and to test the feasibility of the screening method.

Methods: We sent The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Short-Form Questionnaire to all patients on the COPD register (n=69) by post, excluding those already diagnosed with depression (n=3). We sent appointments to all responders with moderate to severe depression and offered them treatment including antidepressants and pulmonary rehabilitation if the diagnosis was confirmed.