Influenza-induced alveolar macrophages protect against death by malaria-associated acute lung injury.

Lower respiratory tract infections are common in malaria-endemic areas, and there is some evidence that co-infections between various bacteria/viruses and may affect disease prognosis. In this study, we report the novel finding that co-infection with influenza/A/X31 protects mice from death by NK65-Edinburgh, a model of severe malarial pulmonary leak which underpins malaria-associated acute lung injury (MA-ALI) and malaria-associated acute respiratory distress (MA-ARDS). Co-infected mice exhibit equivalent parasitemia as mice with malaria only, suggesting that the survival phenotype is due to differences in immune kinetics.

Implementing a nurse-led prehabilitation program for patients undergoing spinal surgery.

Prehabilitation, or "prehab," helps patients optimize strength, function, and nutrition before surgery. This evidence-based practice project presents strategies for implementing a prehab program to prepare patients for spinal surgery. Nurses play an integral role in educating patients preoperatively about the myriad lifestyle changes associated with spinal surgery.

Cluttering in the Speech of Young Men With Fragile X Syndrome.

Purpose: Cluttering is a fluency disorder that has been noted clinically in individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS). Yet, cluttering has not been systematically characterized in this population, hindering identification and intervention efforts. This study examined the rates of cluttering in male young adults with FXS using expert clinical opinion, the alignment between expert clinical opinion and objectively quantified features of cluttering from language transcripts, and the association between cluttering and aspects of the FXS phenotype.

Waterpipe tobacco smoke toxicity: the impact of waterpipe size.

Introduction: Waterpipe tobacco smoking continues to show increasing popularity, especially among individuals between 18 and 22 years old. Waterpipe tobacco smoke (WTS) is a mixture of particulates and gases formed from the combustion of the charcoal and volatilisation and humidification of the tobacco+humectant+flavouring substrate known as shisha or mu'assel. As such, variation in the configuration of the waterpipe may affect the particles produced.