Real-time analysis of dynamic compartmentalized GSH redox shifts and HO availability in undifferentiated and differentiated cells.

Background: Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant, small biothiol antioxidant. GSH redox state (E) supports developmental processes, yet with disrupted GSH E, poor developmental outcomes may occur. The role of subcellular, compartmentalized redox environments in the context of redox regulation of differentiation is not well understood.