Woronin body hitchhiking on early endosomes is dispensable for septal localization in .

The proper functioning of organelles depends on their intracellular localization, mediated by motor protein-dependent transport on cytoskeletal tracks. Rather than directly associating with a motor protein, peroxisomes move by hitchhiking on motile early endosomes in the filamentous fungus . However, the physiological role of peroxisome hitchhiking is unclear.

Woronin bodies move dynamically and bidirectionally by hitchhiking on early endosomes in .

The proper functioning of organelles depends on their intracellular localization, mediated by motor protein-dependent transport on cytoskeletal tracks. Rather than directly associating with a motor protein, peroxisomes move by hitchhiking on motile early endosomes in the filamentous fungus . However, the cellular function of peroxisome hitchhiking is unclear.

Bidirectional lysosome transport: a balancing act between ARL8 effectors.

Most organelles move bidirectionally on microtubule tracks, yet how this opposing movement is regulated by kinesin and dynein remains unclear. Recent work found that ARL8, a known anterograde adaptor linking the lysosome to kinesin, also links lysosomes to the retrograde motor dynein, providing key insight into bidirectional organelle movement in cells.

Hitchhiking Across Kingdoms: Cotransport of Cargos in Fungal, Animal, and Plant Cells.

Eukaryotic cells across the tree of life organize their subcellular components via intracellular transport mechanisms. In canonical transport, myosin, kinesin, and dynein motor proteins interact with cargos via adaptor proteins and move along filamentous actin or microtubule tracks. In contrast to this canonical mode, hitchhiking is a newly discovered mode of intracellular transport in which a cargo attaches itself to an already-motile cargo rather than directly associating with a motor protein itself.

Optimizing microtubule arrangements for rapid cargo capture.

Cellular functions such as autophagy, cell signaling, and vesicular trafficking involve the retrograde transport of motor-driven cargo along microtubules. Typically, newly formed cargo engages in slow undirected movement from its point of origin before attaching to a microtubule. In some cell types, cargo destined for delivery to the perinuclear region relies on capture at dynein-enriched loading zones located near microtubule plus ends.

PxdA interacts with the DipA phosphatase to regulate peroxisome hitchhiking on early endosomes.

In canonical microtubule-based transport, adaptor proteins link cargoes to dynein and kinesin motors. Recently, an alternative mode of transport known as "hitchhiking" was discovered, where cargoes achieve motility by hitching a ride on already-motile cargoes, rather than attaching to a motor protein. Hitchhiking has been best studied in two filamentous fungi, and In ribonucleoprotein complexes, peroxisomes, lipid droplets (LDs), and endoplasmic reticulum hitchhike on early endosomes (EEs).

Hitching a Ride: Mechanics of Transport Initiation through Linker-Mediated Hitchhiking.

In contrast to the canonical picture of transport by direct attachment to motor proteins, recent evidence shows that a number of intracellular "cargos" navigate the cytoplasm by hitchhiking on motor-driven "carrier" organelles. We describe a quantitative model of intracellular cargo transport via hitchhiking, examining the efficiency of hitchhiking initiation as a function of geometric and mechanical parameters. We focus specifically on the parameter regime relevant to the hitchhiking motion of peroxisome organelles in fungal hyphae.

Topical Vitamin D May Modulate Human Sinonasal Mucosal Responses to House Dust Mite Antigen.

Background: Respiratory epithelium is a key defense against inhaled pathogens. Vitamin D3 (VD) has been suggested to modulate airway inflammation; however, its effect on innate airway defenses, the physical barrier, mucociliary apparatus, and cytokine release remains unclear.

Objective: To investigate the outcomes of VD application prior to challenge in an in vitro model of human sinonasal epithelium, through assessment of epithelial transepithelial resistance (TER), cilia beat frequency (CBF), and interleukin (IL)-6 release, and secondarily to determine whether topical VD is beneficial to patients with inflammatory sinonasal pathology.

formin FOR1 and profilin PRF1 are optimized for acute rapid actin filament assembly.

The regulated assembly of multiple filamentous actin (F-actin) networks from an actin monomer pool is important for a variety of cellular processes. is a unicellular green alga expressing a conventional and divergent actin that is an emerging system for investigating the complex regulation of actin polymerization. One actin network that contains exclusively conventional F-actin in is the fertilization tubule, a mating structure at the apical cell surface in gametes.

Cooperation between tropomyosin and α-actinin inhibits fimbrin association with actin filament networks in fission yeast.

We previously discovered that competition between fission yeast actin binding proteins (ABPs) for binding F-actin facilitates their sorting to different cellular networks. Specifically, competition between endocytic actin patch ABPs fimbrin Fim1 and cofilin Adf1 enhances their activities, and prevents tropomyosin Cdc8's association with actin patches. However, these interactions do not explain how Fim1 is prevented from associating strongly with other F-actin networks such as the contractile ring.

Association Between Mental Health Status and Patient Satisfaction With the Functional Outcomes of Rhinoplasty.

Importance: Mental health can have an impact on patient satisfaction with rhinoplasty. However, the association between mental health and patient satisfaction with functional outcomes of rhinoplasty is poorly understood.

Objective: To determine whether preoperative mental health is associated with satisfaction with functional outcomes of rhinoplasty.

Association of Mental Health Status With Perception of Nasal Function.

Importance: Mental health issues are thought to be overrepresented among patients undergoing rhinoplasty and may be associated with patient presentation prior to surgery.

Objective: To assess the association of poor mental health with perception of nasal function.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A cross-sectional study of patients presenting for airway assessment was performed from December 1, 2011, to October 31, 2015, at 2 tertiary rhinoplasty centers in Sydney, Australia.

Acute radiology rarely confirms sinus disease in suspected recurrent acute rhinosinusitis.

Background: Episodic or recurrent sinonasal symptoms are often suspected as "sinus" in origin. With normal sinus radiology between events, the diagnosis of recurrent acute rhinosinusitis (RecARS) is made. However, other conditions can produce episodic symptoms.

Competition between Tropomyosin, Fimbrin, and ADF/Cofilin drives their sorting to distinct actin filament networks.

The fission yeast actin cytoskeleton is an ideal, simplified system to investigate fundamental mechanisms behind cellular self-organization. By focusing on the stabilizing protein tropomyosin Cdc8, bundling protein fimbrin Fim1, and severing protein coffin Adf1, we examined how their pairwise and collective interactions with actin filaments regulate their activity and segregation to functionally diverse F-actin networks. Utilizing multi-color TIRF microscopy of in vitro reconstituted F-actin networks, we observed and characterized two distinct Cdc8 cables loading and spreading cooperatively on individual actin filaments.

Allergic sensitization does not predispose to sinus inflammation in externalized paranasal sinuses.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has a multifactorial etiology, with a debate about the role of inhalant allergy in the pathogenesis of CRS.

Objective: This study assessed the impact of allergy status on externalized paranasal sinuses after tumor resection to determine if a predisposition to inhalant allergy brought about additional inflammation after sinus surgery.

Methodology: A case-control study was performed on patients who had no history of CRS who underwent paranasal sinus tumor resection.

Fascin- and α-Actinin-Bundled Networks Contain Intrinsic Structural Features that Drive Protein Sorting.

Cells assemble and maintain functionally distinct actin cytoskeleton networks with various actin filament organizations and dynamics through the coordinated action of different sets of actin-binding proteins. The biochemical and functional properties of diverse actin-binding proteins, both alone and in combination, have been increasingly well studied. Conversely, how different sets of actin-binding proteins properly sort to distinct actin filament networks in the first place is not nearly as well understood.

Microgeographic factors and patterns of aeroallergen sensitisation.

Objective: To examine patterns of airborne allergen (aeroallergen) sensitisation in the Greater Sydney area (Sydney), and their relationships with climate, coastal proximity and environment (urban v regional).

Design, Setting, Participants: Retrospective cross-sectional study of patients who underwent aeroallergen skin prick testing at three Sydney allergy clinics, January 2001 - October 2014.

Main Outcome Measurements: Proportions of patients sensitised to specific aeroallergen types; relationships between sensitisation patterns and climate and geography.

Vitamin D pathway regulatory genes encoding 1α-hydroxylase and 24-hydroxylase are dysregulated in sinonasal tissue during chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with many inflammatory respiratory disease states. However, serum vitamin D concentrations may not reflect tissue-specific availability. In this study we sought to assess the local expression of genes essential in vitamin D regulation in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Middle turbinate edema as a diagnostic marker of inhalant allergy.

Background: Middle turbinate edema could be a characteristic feature of aeroallergen sensitization. In this study we sought to determine the diagnostic characteristics of middle turbinate edema as a marker of inhalant allergy.

Methods: A cross-sectional diagnostic study was performed on patients who had undergone nasal endoscopy and allergy testing.

Two-dimensional assessment of the nasal valve area cannot predict minimum cross-sectional area or airflow resistance.

Background: Clinicians who manage nasal obstruction often comment on the shape and size of the nasal valve (NV) area. However, correlation of the symptoms of obstruction, nasal airflow dynamics, and the endoscopic appearance of the anatomic cross-sectional area of the NV is poorly understood. Endoscopic imaging and calculation of the NV area is investigated as a tool for either clinical or research use.